Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Ondreka ◽  
Sara Malberg ◽  
Emma Laws ◽  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Sabine Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

Anaplastic Astrocytoma in the Spinal Cord of an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gibson ◽  
N. M. A. Parry ◽  
R. M. Jakowski ◽  
D. Eshar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Anaplastic Astrocytoma ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

A 2–year-old, female hedgehog presented with an 8–month history of progressive, ascending paresis/paralysis and was tentatively diagnosed with wobbly hedgehog syndrome. She died awaiting further diagnostic tests, and the owners consented to postmortem examination. Grossly, the bladder was large and flaccid and the cervical and lumbar spinal cord were regionally enlarged, light grey, and friable with multifocal hemorrhages. The thoracic spinal cord was grossly normal. Microscopically all regions of the spinal cord had similar changes, although the cervical and lumbar sections were most severely affected. These regions were completely effaced by a moderately cellular infiltration of highly pleomorphic polygonal to spindle shaped cells, mineralization, and necrosis, which were most consistent with anaplastic astrocytoma. The thoracic spinal cord white matter was similarly infiltrated by the neoplastic cells, with perivascular extension into the otherwise normal grey matter. A diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma was confirmed using immunohistochemical stains that were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100.

Steady-State Levels of Monoamines in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord: Spatial Mapping and the Effect of Acute Spinal Cord Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Noga ◽  
Alberto Pinzon ◽  
Riza P. Mesigil ◽  
Ian D. Hentall
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Intermediate Zone ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Rhythms ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Monoamines in the spinal cord are important in the regulation of locomotor rhythms, nociception, and motor reflexes. To gain further insight into the control of these functions, the steady-state extracellular distribution of monoamines was mapped in the anesthetized rat's lumbar spinal cord. The effect of acute spinal cord lesions at sites selected for high resting levels was determined over ∼1 h to estimate contributions to resting levels from tonic descending activity and to delineate chemical changes that may influence the degree of pathology and recovery after spinal injury. Measurements employed fast cyclic voltammetry with carbon fiber microelectrodes to give high spatial resolution. Monoamine oxidation currents, sampled at equal vertical spacings within each segment, were displayed as contours over the boundaries delineated by histologically reconstructed electrode tracks. Monoamine oxidation currents were found in well defined foci, often confined within a single lamina. Larger currents were typically found in the dorsal or ventral horns and in the lateral aspect of the intermediate zone. Cooling of the low-thoracic spinal cord led to a decrease in the oxidation current (to 71–85% of control) in dorsal and ventral horns. Subsequent low-thoracic transection produced a transient increase in signal in some animals followed by a longer lasting decrease to levels similar to or below that with cooling (to 17–86% of control values). We conclude that descending fibers tonically release high amounts of monoamines in localized regions of the dorsal and ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord at rest. Lower amounts of monoamines were detected in medial intermediate zone areas, where strong release may be needed for descending activation of locomotor rhythms.

scholarly journals Left-right side-specific endocrine signaling complements neural pathways to mediate acute asymmetric effects of brain injury

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Lukoyanov ◽  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Liliana S Carvalho ◽  
Olga Kononenko ◽  
Daniil Sarkisyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Postural Asymmetry ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Brain injuries can interrupt descending neural pathways that convey motor commands from the cortex to spinal motoneurons. Here, we demonstrate that a unilateral injury of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex of rats with completely transected thoracic spinal cord produces hindlimb postural asymmetry with contralateral flexion and asymmetric hindlimb withdrawal reflexes within 3 hr, as well as asymmetry in gene expression patterns in the lumbar spinal cord. The injury-induced postural effects were abolished by hypophysectomy and were mimicked by transfusion of serum from animals with brain injury. Administration of the pituitary neurohormones β-endorphin or Arg-vasopressin-induced side-specific hindlimb responses in naive animals, while antagonists of the opioid and vasopressin receptors blocked hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats with brain injury. Thus, in addition to the well-established involvement of motor pathways descending from the brain to spinal circuits, the side-specific humoral signaling may also add to postural and reflex asymmetries seen after brain injury.

Antinociception of Heterotopic Electro-Acupuncture Mediated by the Dorsolateral Funiculus

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Jae Lee ◽  
Yeoung Su Lyu ◽  
Hyung Won Kang ◽  
In Churl Sohn ◽  
Sungtae Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Formalin Injection ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Dorsolateral Funiculus ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

We investigated the inhibitory pathways that mediate the antinociceptive effects of heterotopic electro-acupuncture (EA) on formalin injection-induced pain in rats. EA (2 ms, 10 Hz, 3 mA) was delivered to heterotopic acupoints HT7 and PC7 for 30 min; this was followed immediately by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the left hind paw of rats. Naltrexone (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered to evaluate the involvement of endogenous opioids. The dorsolateral funiculus (DLF), which is a descending pathway that inhibits pain, was transected at the ipsilateral T10–11 level of the thoracic spinal cord. EA inhibited behavioral responses to formalin injection-induced pain and prevented the pain-induced increase in cFos expression in the lumbar spinal cord. Pretreatment with naltrexone did not inhibit the antinociceptive effects of EA on formalin injection-induced pain. Transection of the DLF ipsilateral to the acupuncture site eliminated the antinociceptive effects of EA. These results suggest that the antinociceptive effects of heterotopic EA are mediated by the DLF and not by endogenous opioids.

The Effect of a Thoracic Spinal Block on Fos Expression in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Rat Induced by a Noxious Electrical Stimulus at the Hindpaw

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1659-1665
Author(s):  
Janneke L. P. Giele ◽  
Anneke F. Nabers ◽  
Jan G. Veening ◽  
Jan van Egmond ◽  
Kris C. P. Vissers
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Block ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Spina Bifida Associated with Subcutaneous Mass, Dural Ectasia and Thin Thoracic Spinal Cord

1991 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Takamichi Yuguchi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Morimoto ◽  
Toshiki Yoshimine ◽  
Amami Kato ◽  
Yoshiyuki Masana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Dural Ectasia ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass

scholarly journals Subdural arachnoidal cyst of the spinal cord: etiology, clinical presentation, surgical strategy and results

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Joelton Fonseca ◽  
José Carlos Lynch ◽  
Fabiana Policarpo ◽  
Celestino Esteves ◽  
Cleber Bomfim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Objective: Of this study is identifying the clinical manifestations, discuss the etiology, and present the surgical treatment nuances and outcomes of patients with sub dural arachnoidal cysts (AC). Method: A retrospective study was carried out with 7 consecutives patients with spinal cord subdural AC, diagnosed, evaluated and operated at the Neurosurgical department of Servidores do Estado Hospital, from 1996 to 2010. The radiological studies, patient records, surgical descriptions and surgical videos, were reviewed, creating a database from which information was collected. The follow-up varied from 2 to 168 months (mean, 48 months). All cysts were histopathological verified. Results: Five AC were located on the thoracic spinal cord, one were located anterior in the cervical region, and one at the lumbar spinal level. The complete resection of the cyst was performed in 4 surgeries. Three patients had cysts located ventral to the cord, which precluded complete excision. The symptoms in four patients demonstrated major improvement. There was no operative death in this series, there was no major complications related to surgery. Conclusion: AC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions causing myelopathy and/or a radicular pain syndrome. Microsurgical resection or generous fenestration in cysts effectively ameliorated patients’ symptomatology.

Type I AV fistula of the thoracic spinal cord

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 375.e5-375.e6
Author(s):  
Brian L. Risavi ◽  
Raymond Sekula ◽  
Brian McQuone ◽  
Joseph Radachy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Av Fistula ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

scholarly journals Endocrine signaling mediates asymmetric motor deficits after unilateral brain injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Lukoyanov ◽  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Liliana S. Carvalho ◽  
Olga Nosova ◽  
Daniil Sarkisyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Postural Asymmetry ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Unilateral Brain

AbstractA paradigm in neurology is that brain injury-induced motor deficits (e.g. hemiparesis and hemiplegia) arise due to aberrant activity of descending neural pathways. We discovered that a unilateral injury of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex of rats with completely transected thoracic spinal cord produces hindlimb postural asymmetry with contralateral flexion, and asymmetric changes in nociceptive hindlimb withdrawal reflexes and gene expression patterns in lumbar spinal cord. The injury-induced postural effects were abolished by prior hypophysectomy and were mimicked by transfusion of serum from animals with unilateral brain injury. Antagonists of the opioid and vasopressin receptors blocked formation of hindlimb postural asymmetry suggesting that these neurohormones mediate effects of brain injury on lateralized motor responses. Our data indicate that descending neural control of spinal circuits is complemented by a previously unknown humoral signaling from injured brain to the contra- and ipsilesional hindlimbs, and suggest the existence of a body side-specific neuroendocrine regulation in bilaterally symmetric animals.

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