There has been a resurgence in the demand for elective breast enhancement over the latter portion of this decade. Endoscopic technology has expanded the techniques available for breast augmentation, and treatment programs for a number of breast deformities have been elucidated. The constricted and tuberous breast deformities have previously been defined, but there appears to be a lack of recognition of minor variations of the constricted breast deformity and, to date, there has been no satisfactory clinical classification of this relatively common entity. A proposal for the classification of the constricted breast deformity is presented along with a recommendation on the possible treatment for different variations of the deformity.
To use indwelling drainage or not in dual-plane breast augmentation mammoplasty patients
