Cervical Spine Imaging and Injuries in Young Children With Non-Motor Vehicle Crash-Associated Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of traumatic death and disability, and most TBIs are treated in the Emergency Department (ED). We examined the incidence and epidemiological patterns of TBIs presenting to Ontario EDs over an eight-year period. Methods: All TBI-related ED visits between April 2002 and March 2010 were identified using a population-based database that is mandatory for ambulatory care facilities in Ontario. Incidence rates were reported across multiple strata, including age group, sex, and mechanism of injury. Results: From 2002-2010, there were 1,032,249 ED visits for TBI in Ontario. Peak rates occurred among young children ages 0-4 (349 per 10,000) and elderly adults ages 85+ (243 per 10,000). Overall, males experienced a 53% greater rate of TBI compared to females. Falls (47%), motor vehicle crashes (MVC; 10%), and sports-related injuries (9%) were the most common causes of TBI. The highest rates of TBI-related falls, MVCs, and sports-related injuries occurred among young children (0-4) and elderly adults (85+), adolescents/young adults (15-24), and children (5-14), respectively. Conclusions: Our study reveals a substantial health system burden associated with TBI in the ED setting, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and prevention efforts targeted to vulnerable demographic groups.

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An Osteopathic Approach to Low Back Pain and Short Leg Syndrome in a Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crash: A Case Report

The AAO Journal ◽

10.53702/2375-5717-28.3.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Drew D. Lewis ◽

Garth K. Summers

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Crash ◽

Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Low Back ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Heel Lift

Abstract A 16-year-old boy suffered a traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle collision with resulting subdural hematoma, post-traumatic seizures, headaches, and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, he experienced severe acute low back, neck, and hip pain. The patient’s pediatrician identified him as likely to benefit from osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM), and he was subsequently referred to the Des Moines University (DMU) specialty care clinic for further evaluation and management. The patient’s outpatient rehabilitation was impacted by multiple somatic dysfunctions and by onset of short leg syndrome. An OMM approach with direct techniques (muscle energy; low-velocity, moderate-amplitude; soft tissue), indirect techniques (counterstrain, Still, myofascial release), and cranial techniques were utilized to minimize his pain, maximize the neuromusculoskeletal recovery, and to assist in returning him to his prior level of functioning. The acute nature of the injury and apparent new-onset leg length discrepancy allowed for a rapid correction with a heel lift and an ongoing OMM approach to address somatic dysfunction associated with the condition. After 5 treatments with OMM and use of the heel lift, the patient’s low back pain substantially improved, and his headaches completely resolved.

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Head Impact Injury Mitigation to Vehicle Occupants: An Investigation of Interior Padding and Head Form Modeling Options against Vehicle Crash

Advancement and New Understanding in Brain Injury ◽

10.5772/intechopen.95250 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ermias G. Koricho ◽

Elizabeth Dimsdale

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Impact Load ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vehicle Crash ◽

Materials Modeling ◽

Head Form ◽

The Brain

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) occur approximately 1.7 million times each year in the U.S., with motor vehicle crashes as the second leading cause of TBI-related hospitalizations, and the first leading cause of TBI-related deaths among specific age groups. Several studies have been conducted to better understand the impact on the brain in vehicle crash scenarios. However, the complexity of the head is challenging to replicate numerically the head response during vehicle crash and the resulting traumatic Brain Injury. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of vehicle structural padding and head form modeling representation on the head response and the resulting causation and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In this study, a simplified and complex head forms with various geometries and materials including the skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neck, and muscle were considered to better understand and predict the behavior of each part and their effect on the response of the brain during an impact scenario. The effect of padding thickness was also considered to further analyze the interaction of vehicle structure and the head response. The numeral results revealed that the responses of the head skull and the brain under impact load were highly influenced by the padding thickness, head skull material modeling and assumptions, and neck compliance. Generally, the current work could be considered an alternative insight to understand the correlation between vehicle structural padding, head forms, and materials modeling techniques, and TBI resulted from a vehicle crash.

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