Botulinum Toxin A Injection into Calf Muscles for Treatment of Spastic Equinus in Cerebral Palsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Yi Kwon ◽  
Ji Hye Hwang ◽  
Joon-Sung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Calf Muscles

scholarly journals The Influence of Botulinum Toxin A Injections into the Calf Muscles on Genu Recurvatum in Children With Cerebral Palsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 (7) ◽  
pp. 2327-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. M. Klotz ◽  
Sebastian I. Wolf ◽  
Daniel Heitzmann ◽  
Simone Gantz ◽  
Frank Braatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Genu Recurvatum ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Calf Muscles

Double-blind comparison study of two doses of botulinum toxin A injected into calf muscles in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Polak ◽  
Richard Morton ◽  
Christopher Ward ◽  
W Angus Wallace ◽  
Leonard Doderlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Blind Comparison ◽  
Calf Muscles

scholarly journals Quantification and Monitoring of the Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Paretic Calf Muscles of Children With Cerebral Palsy With MRI: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Weidensteiner ◽  
Philipp Madoerin ◽  
Xeni Deligianni ◽  
Tanja Haas ◽  
Oliver Bieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence ◽  
Fat Fraction ◽  
Calf Muscles

Background: Muscles from patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are often spastic and form contractures that limit the range of motion. Injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX) into the calf muscles are an important treatment for functional equinus; however, improvement in gait function is not always achieved. BTX is also used to test muscle weakening for risk evaluation of muscle lengthening surgery. Our aim was to assess the effect of BTX over time on calf muscle properties in pediatric CP patients with MRI.Material and Methods: Six toe-walking CP patients (mean age 11.6 years) with indication for lengthening surgery were prospectively enrolled and received BTX injections into the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. MRI scans at 3T of the lower legs and clinical examinations were performed pre-BTX, 6 weeks (6w), and 12 weeks (12w) post-BTX. A fat-suppressed 2D multi-spin-echo sequence was used to acquire T2 maps and for segmentation. Fat fraction maps were calculated from 3D multi-echo Dixon images. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 2D echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence yielded maps of the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and of the fractional anisotropy (FA). Hyperintense regions of interest (ROIs) on the T2-weighted (T2w) images at 6w were segmented in treated muscles. Mean values of T2, fat fraction, ADC, and FA were calculated in hyperintense ROIs and in reference ROIs in non-treated muscles.Results: Hyperintensity on T2w scans and increased T2 (group mean ± standard deviation: 35 ± 1 ms pre-BTX, 45 ± 2 ms at 6w, and 44 ± 2 ms at 12w) were observed in all patients at the injection sites. The T2 increase was spatially limited to parts of the injected muscles. FA increased (0.30 ± 0.03 pre-BTX, 0.34 ± 0.02 at 6w, and 0.36 ± 0.03 at 12w) while ADC did not change in hyperintense ROIs, indicating a BTX-induced increase in extracellular space and a simultaneous decrease of muscle fiber diameter. Fat fraction showed a trend for increase at 12w. Mean values in reference ROIs remained unchanged.Conclusion: MRI showed limited spatial distribution of the BTX-induced effects in pediatric CP patients. It could be a promising non-invasive tool for future studies to test BTX treatment protocols.

Effects of botulinum toxin A on calf muscles in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hyung Koog ◽  
Byung-II Min
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Calf Muscles

scholarly journals Double-blind comparison study of two doses of botulinum toxin A injected into calf muscles in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Polak ◽  
Richard Morton ◽  
Christopher Ward ◽  
W Angus Wallace ◽  
Leonard Doderlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Blind Comparison ◽  
Calf Muscles

Experiences with the Assisted Hand Assessment (AHA) in children with cerebral palsy under treatment with botulinum toxin A

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Lee ◽  
AS Schroeder ◽  
S Oswald ◽  
B Berner ◽  
A Laage-Gaupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Treatment of recurrent posterior dislocation of the shoulder in cerebral palsy by injection with botulinum toxin A into the M. subscapularis

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S de Boer ◽  
P M Rozing ◽  
J H Arendzen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Posterior Dislocation ◽  
Toxin A
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