scholarly journals The Ndc80 complex targets Bod1 to human mitotic kinetochores

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 170099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schleicher ◽  
Michael Porter ◽  
Sara ten Have ◽  
Ramasubramanian Sundaramoorthy ◽  
Iain M. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Regulation of protein phosphatase activity by endogenous protein inhibitors is an important mechanism to control protein phosphorylation in cells. We recently identified Biorientation defective 1 (Bod1) as a small protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A containing the B56 regulatory subunit (PP2A-B56). This phosphatase controls the amount of phosphorylation of several kinetochore proteins and thus the establishment of load-bearing chromosome-spindle attachments in time for accurate separation of sister chromatids in mitosis. Like PP2A-B56, Bod1 directly localizes to mitotic kinetochores and is required for correct segregation of mitotic chromosomes. In this report, we have probed the spatio-temporal regulation of Bod1 during mitotic progression. Kinetochore localization of Bod1 increases from nuclear envelope breakdown until metaphase. Phosphorylation of Bod1 at threonine 95 (T95), which increases Bod1's binding to and inhibition of PP2A-B56, peaks in prometaphase when PP2A-B56 localization to kinetochores is highest. We demonstrate here that kinetochore targeting of Bod1 depends on the outer kinetochore protein Ndc80 and not PP2A-B56. Crucially, Bod1 depletion functionally affects Ndc80 phosphorylation at the N-terminal serine 55 (S55), as well as a number of other phosphorylation sites within the outer kinetochore, including Knl1 at serine 24 and 60 (S24, S60), and threonine T943 and T1155 (T943, T1155). Therefore, Ndc80 recruits a phosphatase inhibitor to kinetochores which directly feeds forward to regulate Ndc80, and Knl1 phosphorylation, including sites that mediate the attachment of microtubules to kinetochores.

scholarly journals The Ndc80 complex targets Bod1 to human mitotic kinetochores

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schleicher ◽  
Sara ten Have ◽  
Iain M. Porter ◽  
Jason R. Swedlow
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractRegulation of protein phosphatase activity by endogenous protein inhibitors is an important mechanism to control protein phosphorylation in cells. We recently identified Biorientation defective 1 (Bod1) as a small protein inhibitor of PP2A-B56. This phosphatase controls the amount of phosphorylation of mitotic kinetochore proteins and thus the establishment of load-bearing chromosome-spindle attachments in time for accurate separation of sister chromatids in mitosis. The PP2A-B56 regulatory protein Bod1 directly localises to mitotic kinetochores and is required for correct segregation of mitotic chromosomes. In this report, we have probed the spatio-temporal regulation of Bod1 during mitotic progression. Kinetochore localisation of Bod1 increases from nuclear envelope breakdown until metaphase. Phosphorylation of Bod1 at threonine 95 (T95), which increases Bod1’s binding and inhibition of PP2A-B56, peaks in prometaphase, when PP2A-B56 localisation to kinetochores is highest. Kinetochore targeting of Bod1 depends on the outer kinetochore protein Ndc80 and not PP2A-B56. Additionally, Bod1 depletion leads to a defect in the phosphorylation kinetics of Ndc80 at serine 55 (S55) within its N-terminus. Therefore, Ndc80 recruits a phosphatase inhibitor to kinetochores which directly feeds forward to regulate Ndc80 phosphorylation and the stability of the attachments of microtubules to kinetochores.

scholarly journals Cdc55 coordinates spindle assembly and chromosome disjunction during meiosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Bizzari ◽  
Adele L. Marston
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Chromatid Cohesion ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Sequential Assembly

During meiosis, two consecutive nuclear divisions follow a single round of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. In meiosis I, homologues are segregated, whereas in meiosis II, sister chromatids are segregated. This requires that the sequential assembly and dissolution of specialized chromosomal factors are coordinated with two rounds of spindle assembly and disassembly. How these events are coupled is unknown. In this paper, we show, in budding yeast, that the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit Cdc55 couples the loss of linkages between chromosomes with nuclear division by restraining two other phosphatases, Cdc14 and PP2ARts1. Cdc55 maintains Cdc14 sequestration in the nucleolus during early meiosis, and this is essential for the assembly of the meiosis I spindle but not for chromosomes to separate. Cdc55 also limits the formation of PP2A holocomplexes containing the alternative regulatory subunit Rts1, which is crucial for the timely dissolution of sister chromatid cohesion. Therefore, Cdc55 orders passage through the meiotic divisions by ensuring a balance of phosphatases.

scholarly journals SUMOylation of RepoMan during late telophase regulates dephosphorylation of lamin A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Moriuchi ◽  
Fumiko Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Late Telophase ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Dephosphorylation of lamin A, which triggers nuclear lamina reconstitution, is crucial for the completion of mitosis. However, the specific phosphatase and regulatory mechanism that allow timely lamin A dephosphorylation remain unclear. Here, we report that RepoMan, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) is transiently modified with SUMO-2 at K762 during late telophase. SUMOylation of RepoMan markedly enhanced its binding affinity with lamin A. Moreover, the SUMOylated RepoMan/PP1γ contributes to lamin A recruitment to telophase chromosomes and dephosphorylation of the mitotic lamin A phosphorylation. Expression of a SUMO-2 mutant defective in interaction with SUMO interacting motif (SIM) resulted in failure of the lamin A and RepoMan association, along with abrogation of lamin A dephosphorylation and subsequent nuclear lamina formation. These findings strongly suggested that RepoMan/PP1γ recruits lamin A through SUMO-SIM interaction. Thus, transient SUMOylation of RepoMan plays an important role in the spatio-temporal regulation of lamin A dephosphorylation and the subsequent nuclear lamina formation at the end of mitosis.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal coordination of Greatwall-Endos-PP2A promotes mitotic progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myreille Larouche ◽  
David Kachaner ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Karine Normandin ◽  
Damien Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Mitotic Kinases ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Mitotic Regulation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Coordination

Mitotic entry involves inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A bound to its B55/Tws regulatory subunit (PP2A-B55/Tws), which dephosphorylates substrates of mitotic kinases. This inhibition is induced when Greatwall phosphorylates Endos, turning it into an inhibitor of PP2A-Tws. How this mechanism operates spatiotemporally in the cell is incompletely understood. We previously reported that the nuclear export of Greatwall in prophase promotes mitotic progression. Here, we examine the importance of the localized activities of PP2A-Tws and Endos for mitotic regulation. We find that Tws shuttles through the nucleus via a conserved nuclear localization signal (NLS), but expression of Tws in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus rescues the development of tws mutants. Moreover, we show that Endos must be in the cytoplasm before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) to be efficiently phosphorylated by Greatwall and to bind and inhibit PP2A-Tws. Disrupting the cytoplasmic function of Endos before NEBD results in subsequent mitotic defects. Evidence suggests that this spatiotemporal regulation is conserved in humans.

scholarly journals Regulatory Subunit B′γ of Protein Phosphatase 2A Prevents Unnecessary Defense Reactions under Low Light in Arabidopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 1464-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Trotta ◽  
Michael Wrzaczek ◽  
Judith Scharte ◽  
Mikko Tikkanen ◽  
Grzegorz Konert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Defense Reactions ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Subunit B

scholarly journals Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit B56α Associates with c-Myc and Negatively Regulates c-Myc Accumulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2832-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh K. Arnold ◽  
Rosalie C. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
Structural Subunit ◽  
Phosphatase 2A

ABSTRACT Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a prominent role in controlling accumulation of the proto-oncoprotein c-Myc. PP2A mediates its effects on c-Myc by dephosphorylating a conserved residue that normally stabilizes c-Myc, and in this way, PP2A enhances c-Myc ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Stringent regulation of c-Myc levels is essential for normal cell function, as c-Myc overexpression can lead to cell transformation. Conversely, PP2A has tumor suppressor activity. Uncovering relevant PP2A holoenzymes for a particular target has been limited by the fact that cellular PP2A represents a large heterogeneous population of trimeric holoenzymes, composed of a conserved catalytic subunit and a structural subunit along with a variable regulatory subunit which directs the holoenzyme to a specific target. We now report the identification of a specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56α, that selectively associates with the N terminus of c-Myc. B56α directs intact PP2A holoenzymes to c-Myc, resulting in a dramatic reduction in c-Myc levels. Inhibition of PP2A-B56α holoenzymes, using small hairpin RNA to knock down B56α, results in c-Myc overexpression, elevated levels of c-Myc serine 62 phosphorylation, and increased c-Myc function. These results uncover a new protein involved in regulating c-Myc expression and reveal a critical interconnection between a potent oncoprotein, c-Myc, and a well-documented tumor suppressor, PP2A.

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