Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in the atomic spectrum of palladium

1976 ◽  
Vol 351 (1665) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Atomic Spectrum ◽  
Nuclear Charge Distribution ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The lines λ340.5 nm, λ357.1 nm, and λ677.4 nm of the arc spectrum of palladium have been studied under high resolution by means of digital recording interferometry. The even-even shifts are claimed to be more accurate than previously published work; the relative shifts determined in λ357.1 nm are 102 Pd - 104 Pd, 1.03(2); 104 Pd - 106 Pd, 1.00; 106 Pd - 108 Pd, 1.02(1); 108 Pd - 110 Pd, 0.92(2); 104 Pd - 105 Pd, 0.23(1). An odd-even shift has been measured for the first time in this element, and shows appreciable staggering. The relative shift 102 Pd - 104 Pd has been found to be substantially greater than the values reported in the literature. Values of the change in the mean square radius of the nuclear charge distribution have been deduced from the measurements, all to an accuracy of Ŧ15% ; these are: 102 Pd - 104 Pd, 0.176 fm 2 ; 104 Pd - 106 Pd, 0.170 fm 2 ; 106 Pd - 108 Pd, 0.173 fm 2 ; 108 Pd - 110 Pd, 0.153 fm 2 .

Isotope shift and hyperfine structure in the atomic spectrum of tin

1973 ◽  
Vol 332 (1588) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Atomic Spectrum ◽  
Nuclear Charge Distribution ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Structure Constants ◽  
Good Agreement

Three lines in the atomic spectrum of tin, λ 3262 Å, λ 3283 Å and λ 6454Å have been studied in emission under high resolution with the use of light sources containing enriched isotopic samples. Results are reported for isotope shifts in these lines for the abundant stable isotopes ( A ≽ 116). Pressure-scanned Fabry–Perot etalons provided the necessary resolution; the spectrograms for λ 6454 Å were recorded and analysed by digital techniques, and for this line hyperfine structure constants required in the interpretation of the data were also evaluated. The results for the three lines are not in good agreement with earlier work, but are shown to be self-consistent by means of a King plot. Their interpretation in terms of the nuclear charge distribution is considered in the following paper.

Evidence for α-particle structure in medium-heavy nuclei from optical isotope shifts

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1628) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Isotope Shifts ◽  
Nuclear Charge Distribution ◽  
The Mean

It is pointed out that optical isotope shifts between even-even isotopes in the medium-heavy elements show variations which are similar from one element to another, and that these variations are associated with particular values of N – Z , where N and Z refer to neutron and proton numbers respectively. Since the isotope shifts depend on differences in the mean square radii of the nuclear charge distribution, this correlation is evidence for some degree of a-particle structure in these nuclei. Further evidence from the energies of the first excited levels of the nuclei is also briefly considered.

Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in the atomic spectrum of platinum

1971 ◽  
Vol 322 (1550) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Nuclear Deformation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Atomic Spectrum ◽  
Isotope Shifts ◽  
Mass Effects ◽  
Relative Field ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
The Mean

Two lines in the arc spectrum of platinum have been studied by high resolution interferometry, and results have been obtained for the isotope shifts in both lines. No evidence is found for large specific mass effects and, after allowance for normal mass effects, the results for the two lines give the following relative field isotope shifts: 192-194: 194-196: 196-198 = 0.895 ± 0.009: 0.919 ± 0.004:1 and 194-195: 194-196 = 0.458 ± 0.003; these values are compared with the relative isotope shifts in mercury and thallium. Differences in the mean square radius of the proton distribution for the platinum isotopes are calculated from the field isotope shifts. The contribution of changes in nuclear deformation to the shifts is discussed.

Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in the optical spectrum of platinum

1974 ◽  
Vol 341 (1626) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Optical Spectrum ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Nuclear Deformation ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Isotope Shifts ◽  
Proton Distribution ◽  
Hyperfine Splittings

The lines λ 444.2nm, λ 304.2nm and λ 306.5nm of the arc spectrum of platinum have been studied under high resolution by using digital recording interferometry. The work extends the range of nuclei for which isotope shifts have been measured to include 190 Pt, and has provided some improvement in accuracy for the shifts involving other isotopes. Data are now available for all the stable platinum nuclei; the relative shifts, which are closely proportional to the changes in mean square radius of the proton distribution, are as follows: 190, 192; 0.905 ± 0.028.192, 194; 0.969 ± 0.007. 194, 195; 0.456 ± 0.004. 194, 196; 1.0. 196, 198; 1.084 ± 0.004. The data are discussed in terms of recent measurements of nuclear deformation in platinum. The hyperfine splittings of some levels have also been deduced from the optical measurements.

scholarly journals The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Kurasawa ◽  
Toshio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Relativistic Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The relativistic expression for the $n$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density is presented. For the mean square radius (msr) of the nuclear charge density, the non-relativistic expression, which is equivalent to the relativistic one, is also derived consistently up to $1/M^2$ with use of the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. The difference between the relativistic and non-relativistic expressions for the msr of the point proton density is also discussed. The $n(\ge 4)$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density depends on the point neutron density. The fourth-order moment yields useful information on the msr of the point neutron density, and is expected to play an important role in electron scattering off neutron-rich nuclei.

scholarly journals Impulse response function for Brownian motion

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Makris
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Velocity Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Velocity Autocorrelation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Motivated from the central role of the mean-square displacement and its second time-derivative – that is the velocity autocorrelation function in the description of Brownian motion, we revisit the physical meaning of its first time-derivative.

scholarly journals The mean square nuclear charge radius of

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1517-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludo Vermeeren ◽  
Peter Lievens ◽  
Roger E Silverans ◽  
Uwe Georg ◽  
Matthias Keim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Radius ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Nuclear Charge Radius ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Mean

Optical isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in Cd

1976 ◽  
Vol 352 (1668) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Isotope Shifts ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Field Effects

The spectral lines λ226.5, λ441.6, λ806.7 and λ853.3 nm of Cd II and λ508.6 nm of Cd I have been studied under high resolution by means of digital recording interferometry. The relative positions of all the stable isotopes of cadmium in all the lines have been deduced from the measurements. The main object of this study was to provide precise data for the simple p–s transitions λ226.5, λ806.7 and λ853.3 nm. Such lines are the most favourable for theoretical interpretation, and the new results are intended to provide a basis for the separation of mass and field effects in measured isotope shifts in cadmium. The hyperfine structure intervals, which are important in the interpretation of isotope shifts, have also been measured for all the levels involved in the five transitions.

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