scholarly journals Light environment influences mating behaviours during the early stages of divergence in tropical butterflies

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1947) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Hausmann ◽  
Chi-Yun Kuo ◽  
Marília Freire ◽  
Nicol Rueda-M ◽  
Mauricio Linares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mating Cues

Speciation is facilitated when traits under divergent selection also act as mating cues. Fluctuations in sensory conditions can alter signal perception independently of adaptation to the broader sensory environment, but how this fine-scale variation may constrain or promote behavioural isolation has received little attention. The warning patterns of Heliconius butterflies are under selection for aposematism and act as mating cues. Using computer vision, we extracted behavioural data from 1481 h of video footage, for 387 individuals. We show that the putative hybrid species H. heurippa and its close relative H. timareta linaresi differ in their response to divergent warning patterns, but that these differences are strengthened with increased local illuminance. Trials with live individuals reveal low-level assortative mating that is sufficiently explained by differences in visual attraction. Finally, results from hybrid butterflies are consistent with linkage between a major warning pattern gene and the corresponding behaviour, though the differences in behaviour we observe are unlikely to cause rapid reproductive isolation as predicted under a model of hybrid trait speciation. Overall, our results reveal that the contribution of ecological mating cues to reproductive isolation may depend on the immediate sensory conditions during which they are displayed to conspecifics.

scholarly journals Light environment influences mating behaviours during the early stages of divergence in tropical butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Hausmann ◽  
Chi-Yun Kuo ◽  
Marília Freire ◽  
Nicol Rueda-M ◽  
Mauricio Linares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Relative ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mating Cues

ABSTRACTSpecies divergence is facilitated when traits under divergent selection also act as mating cues. Fluctuations in sensory conditions can alter signal perception independently of adaptation to contrasting sensory environments, but how this fine scale variation affects behavioural isolation has received less attention, especially in terrestrial organisms. The warning patterns of Heliconius butterflies are under selection for aposematism and act as mating cues. Using computer vision, we extracted behavioural data from 1481 hours of video footage for 387 individuals. We show that the putative hybrid species H. heurippa and its close relative H. timareta linaresi differ in their response to divergent warning patterns, and that these differences are strengthened with increased local illuminance. Trials with live individuals reveal low-level assortative mating that are sufficiently explained by differences in visual attraction. Finally, results from hybrid butterflies are consistent with linkage between a major warning pattern gene and the corresponding behaviour, though the differences in behaviour we observe are unlikely to cause rapid reproductive isolation as predicted under a model of hybrid trait speciation. Overall, our results highlight that the role of ecological mating cues for behavioural isolation may depend on the immediate sensory conditions during which they are displayed to conspecifics.

scholarly journals Differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry between populations of a placental fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schrader ◽  
Rebecca C. Fuller ◽  
Joseph Travis
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Hybrid Inviability ◽  
Haldane’S Rule ◽  
Haldane's Rule ◽  
Asymmetric Pattern ◽  
Heterandria Formosa ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Selection For

Crosses between populations or species often display an asymmetry in the fitness of reciprocal F 1 hybrids. This pattern, referred to as isolation asymmetry or Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's Rule, has been observed in taxa from plants to vertebrates, yet we still know little about which factors determine its magnitude and direction. Here, we show that differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry observed in crosses between populations of a placental fish, Heterandria formosa . In crosses between populations with differences in offspring size, high rates of hybrid inviability occur only when the mother is from a population characterized by small offspring. Crosses between populations that display similarly sized offspring, whether large or small, do not result in high levels of hybrid inviability in either direction. We suggest this asymmetric pattern of reproductive isolation is due to a disruption of parent–offspring coadaptation that emerges from selection for differently sized offspring in different populations.

scholarly journals Testing hypotheses of hybrid origins for two seashore species of Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Michael D Nowak ◽  
A Tiril M Pedersen ◽  
Anne K Brysting ◽  
Audun Schrøder-Nielsen ◽  
Reidar Elven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Taxonomists have proposed numerous hybrid species in plants, but to gain a better understanding of the role that hybridization may play in plant diversification, such taxonomic hypotheses must be tested using genomic data. In this study, we employ ddRAD sequence data to test taxonomic hypotheses of hybrid origins in Carex salina and C. ramenskii (Carex section Phacocystis). Sequence data from multiple Norwegian and Icelandic populations of the putative hybrid and parental species were generated for hundreds of ddRAD loci. These data were used to estimate geographical structuring of genetic diversity and admixture and to explicitly test for hybrid origins using several analytical approaches. Our results indicate recurrent hybrid origins for the populations of C. salina and C. ramenskii sampled in our study and show that these populations are characterized by high interspecific heterozygosity. Our results support the idea that hybridization may indeed play an important role in the diversification of lineages of Carex and highlight the important role that clonal propagation might play in maintaining hybrid populations. Future studies focusing on a broader geographical sampling would be needed to assess if the genetic structuring in these Nordic populations reflects range-wide patterns in these hybrid lineages.

scholarly journals Microsatellite signature of ecological selection for salt tolerance in a wild sunflower hybrid species, Helianthus paradoxus

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 4623-4634 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉCILE EDELIST ◽  
CHRISTIAN LEXER ◽  
CHRISTINE DILLMANN ◽  
DELPHINE SICARD ◽  
LOREN H. RIESEBERG
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals NATURAL SELECTION FOR REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION INPHLOX

Evolution ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Levin ◽  
Harold W. Kerster
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Reproductive isolation of hybrid populations driven by genetic incompatibilities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Schumer ◽  
Rongfeng Cui ◽  
Gil G Rosenthal ◽  
Peter Andolfatto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Simple Consequence ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Adaptive Radiations

Despite its role in homogenizing populations, hybridization has also been proposed as a means to generate new species. The conceptual basis for this idea is that hybridization can result in novel phenotypes through recombination between the parental genomes, allowing a hybrid population to occupy ecological niches unavailable to parental species. A key feature of these models is that these novel phenotypes ecologically isolate hybrid populations from parental populations, precipitating speciation. Here we present an alternative model of the evolution of reproductive isolation in hybrid populations that occurs as a simple consequence of selection against incompatibilities. Unlike previous models, our model does not require small population sizes, the availability of new niches for hybrids or ecological or sexual selection on hybrid traits. We show that reproductive isolation between hybrids and parents evolves frequently and rapidly under this model, even in the presence of ongoing migration with parental species and strong selection against hybrids. Our model predicts that multiple distinct hybrid species can emerge from replicate hybrid populations formed from the same parental species, potentially generating patterns of species diversity and relatedness that mimic adaptive radiations.

scholarly journals Remating responses are consistent with male post-copulatory manipulation but not reinforcement inD. pseudoobscura

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Davis ◽  
Dean M. Castillo ◽  
Leonie C. Moyle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Selection For

AbstractReinforcement occurs when hybridization between closely related lineages produces low fitness offspring, prompting selection for elevated reproductive isolation specifically in areas of sympatry. Both pre-mating and post-mating prezygotic behaviors have been shown to be the target of reinforcing selection, but it remains unclear whether remating behaviors experience reinforcement, although they can also influence offspring identity and limit formation of hybrids. Here we evaluated evidence for reinforcing selection on remating behaviors inD. pseudoobscura, by comparing remating traits in females from populations historically allopatric and sympatric withD. persimilis. We found that the propensity to remate was not higher in sympatric females, compared to allopatric females, regardless of whether the first mated male was heterospecific or conspecific. Moreover, remating behavior did not contribute to interspecific reproductive isolation among any population; that is, females showed no higher propensity to remate following a heterospecific first mating than they were following a conspecific first mating. Instead, we found that females are less likely to remate after initial matings with unfamiliar males, regardless of species identity. This is consistent with one scenario of postmating sexual conflict in which females are poorly defended against post-copulatory manipulation by males with whom they have not co-evolved. Our results are generally inconsistent with reinforcement on remating traits, and suggest that this behavior might be more strongly shaped by the consequences of local antagonistic male-female interactions than interactions with heterospecifics.

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