scholarly journals IV. On the absorption-spectra of bromine and iodine monochloride

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Iodine Monochloride ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Molecular Weights

The paper contains the results of an exact series of measurements of the absorption-spectra of the vapours of the element bromine and of the compound iodine monochloride, made with the object of ascertaining whether the molecules of these two gases vibrate identically or similarly, their molecular weights and colour of the vapours being almost identical. The two spectra, which are both channelled, were compared simultaneously by means of one of Kirchhoff’s 4-prism spectroscopes, the position of the lines being read off by reflection on an arbitrary scale. In order to determine the wave-lengths of these bands, the wave-length of each of 27 air-lines lying between the extremes of the absorption-spectra was ascertained by reference to Thalén’s numbers; whilst for the purpose of reducing the readings of the absorption-bands to wave-lengths a graphical method was employed, the details of which are given in the paper. This method appears to be one of general applicability for the plotting of spectra. Tables then follow giving the wave-lengths of 66 bands of each absorption-spectrum; and a map accompanies the text in which the bands are drawn to a scale one half that of Ångström’s “Spectre Normal.”

scholarly journals On the fluorescence and channelled absorption spectra of cæsium and other alkali elements

1923 ◽  
Vol 103 (721) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Exciting Light ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alkali Elements ◽  
Different Sources

In 1874 it was shown by Roscoe and Schuster that channelled absorption spectra can be obtained with the vapours of the alkali elements sodium and potassium, and later on these spectra were investigated in some detail by Liveing and Dewar. It was also shown in 1896 by Weidemann and Schmidt that the vapours of these same metals emitted a radiation possessing characteristics of a fluorescence spectrum when they were traversed by white light. Since 1903 exhaustive studies have been made of both the fluorescence and the channelled absorption spectrum of sodium by R. W. Wood, together with a number of collaborators, Including J. H. Moore and F. E. Hackett. In these investigation it was shown that the channelled absorption spectrum of sodium was made up of a number of series of absorption bands, one set of series being on the red wave-length side of the D lines, and another lying in the visible blue-green region. In addition, series of absorption bands were found by them with approximately regular spacing in the neighbourhood of λ = 3303 A, the second member of the doublet series of this element. As regards the fluorescence spectrum of sodium, they found that, by stimulation of the vapour with approximately monochromatic light, there resulted an emission of light, the spectrum of which consisted of a number of bright but narrow bands of varying intensity, more or less regularly spaced both above and below the mean wave-length of the exciting light. They observed, too, that the slightest change in the wave-length of the exciting light resulted in the disappearance of one set of lines and in the appearance of another of different wave-lengths. In the various florescence spectra obtained by R. W. Wood when stimulating sodium vapour by monochromatic light from different sources, it was noted that there was a remarkable recurrence of the interval, ∆ λ = 52·3 A. in the spacing of the fluorescence bands.

scholarly journals VI. On the absorption-spectra of bromine and of iodine monochloride

1877 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Iodine Monochloride ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Flint Glass ◽  
Two Bodies

The element bromine and the compound iodine monochloride possess nearly the same molecular weight. The colours of their vapours appear almost identical, and a rapid glance at the complicated absorption-spectra afforded by the two gases fails to detect any difference between them. It becomes, therefore, a matter of importance to ascertain whether the molecules of the two bodies, when gaseous, vibrate identically or similarly. We have accordingly undertaken a series of exact measurements of the absorption-spectra of these two gases, the results of which we have now the honour to communicate to the Royal Society. The two spectra were compared simultaneously by means of one of Kirchhoff’s model spectroscopes, 4 flint-glass prisms of 60° and 45° and a magnifying-power of 40 being employed. The position of the lines and of the well-defined edges of the bands in both spectra were read off by reflexion upon a fixed arbitrary scale; the positions of 27 air-lines lying between the extremes of the absorption-spectra were then determined upon the same scale, both the scale and prisms remaining untouched during the different series of observations. In order to determine the wave-lengths of each of the absorption-bands in the spectra of bromine and iodine monochloride, the wave-length of each of the 27 air-lines was ascertained by reference to the measurements of Thalén; in three cases, marked H, in the accompanying Table the numbers given by Huggins have been used.

scholarly journals The absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in solution in carbon tetrachloride

1929 ◽  
Vol 124 (795) ◽  
pp. 604-616 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Inert Solvent ◽  
The Mean

When two solutions are mixed the absorption spectrum of the new solution will be the mean of those of the separate solutions provided that no chemical interaction occures. The mere fact of a departure from additivity does not, however, necessarily denote the formation of true chemical compounds. The solute or solutes may undergo solvation, loosely bound aggregates may occur, and even when marked deviations from the simple law of mixtures are observed it is rarely possible to prove the quantitative formation of a given chemical compound from spectroscopic data alone. The above considerations apply with some force to the problem of the absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in an inert solvent. The three elements show perfectly characteristic absorption bands, they are known to interact with the formation of some quite stable compounds, some relatively stable compounds, and some apparently very unstable compounds.

The A2Πi–X2Πi absorption spectrum of BrO

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1908-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barnett ◽  
E. A. Cohen ◽  
D. A. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Numbering Scheme ◽  
Ozonized Oxygen ◽  
Good Agreement

Absorption spectra of isotopically enriched 81Br16O and of normal BrO have been obtained by the flash photolysis of mixtures of bromine and ozonized oxygen. Rotational analyses are given for the 7–0, 12–0, 18–0, 19–0, 20–0, 21–0, 7–1, and 20–1 A2Π3/2–X2Π3/2 sub-bands of 81Br16O. The value for [Formula: see text] is found to be 722.1 ± 1.1 cm−1 in good agreement with the value calculated from microwave constants. Several additional bands have been found at the long wavelength end of the spectrum, necessitating a revision of the vibrational numbering scheme for both the emission and absorption bands. "Hot" bands up to ν″ = 6 have been observed in the absorption spectrum for the 2Π3/2 component of the ground state but no bands have yet been identified from the 2Π1/2 component.

The absorption spectrum of liquid bromine

1937 ◽  
Vol 162 (910) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Porret ◽  
Frederick George Donnan
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Excited Electronic States ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Liquid Bromine ◽  
Continuous Absorption ◽  
The Continuum

The continuous absorption spectra of gaseous bromine (Peskow 1917; Ribaud 1919; Gray and Style 1929; Acton, Aikin and Bayliss 1936) and of dissolved bromine (Bovis 1929; Gillam and Morton 1929) have been studied many times. They present a wide continuum (from about 30, 000 to 17, 000 cm. -1 .) with a maximum at 24, 000 cm. -1 . For the gas the continuum is preceded by two band systems on the long wave-length side. These systems converge at 19, 585 and 15, 896 cm. -1 . respectively. Acton, Aikin and Bayliss (1936) have shown that the continuum is not simple, and Mulliken (1936) and Darbyshire (1937) have pointed out that there are three overlapping continua corresponding to transitions from the ground state to three different excited electronic states. There are 3 II 0 + ← 1 Σ g , 3 II 1 ← 1 Σ g and 1 II ← 1 Σ g . The absorption spectrum of liquid bromine has been studied by Bovis (1929) form 18, 525 to 31, 750c cm. -1 . and by Camichel (1893) for two frequencies only (16, 978 and 18, 691 cm. -1 ).

scholarly journals The absorption spectra of conjugated dienes in the vacuum ultra-violet (1)

1940 ◽  
Vol 174 (957) ◽  
pp. 220-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Strong Absorption ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Vacuum Ultra Violet

Butadiene is important as the simplest example of resonance between two conjugated double bonds. The comparison of its ultra-violet absorption spectrum with that of ethylene might be expected to give some indication of the way the π electrons of the molecule are affected by the resonance. The electronic structures of a number of molecules for which resonance is important have been worked out theoretically by Hückel (1935), Lennard- Jones (1937), Sklar (1937) and Mulliken (1939 a and b ). The purpose of the present work is to obtain spectroscopic data with which the theoretical expectations can be compared. As most of the strong absorption bands of these molecules occur at wave-lengths less than 2000 A, the investigation falls naturally into the region of vacuum spectroscopy.

Spectroelectrochemical Study of some μ3-Oxo-μ-acetato Trinuclear Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) Complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Takahashi ◽  
Keisuke Umakoshi ◽  
Akihiro Kikuchi ◽  
Yoichi Sasaki ◽  
Masato Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Electronic Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Electronic Absorption ◽  
Electronic Absorption Spectra ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
The One ◽  
Species Being

New trinuclear rhodium(III) complexes, [Rh3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(L)3]+ (L = imidazole (Him), 1-methylimidazole (Meim), and 4-methylpyridine (Mepy)) have been prepared. The Him, Meim, and Mepy complexes show reversible one-electron oxidation waves at E1/2 = +1.12, +1.12, and +1.28 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively, in acetonitrile. Electronic absorption spectra of the one electron oxidized species of these complexes and [Rh3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(py)3]+ (py = pyridine) (E1/2 = +1.32 V ) were obtained by spectroelectrochemical techniques. While the Rh3(III,III,III) states show no strong visible absorption, the Rh3(III,III,IV ) species give a band at ca. 700 nm (ε = 3390-5540 mol dm-3 cm-1). [Ir3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(py)3]+ with no strong absorption in the visible region, shows two reversible one-electron oxidation waves at +0.68 and +1.86 V in acetonitrile. The electronic absorption spectrum of the one-electron oxidized species (Ir3(III,III,IV )) also shows some absorption bands (688 nm (ε, 5119), 1093 (2325) and 1400 (ca. 1800)). It is suggested that the oxidation removes an electron from the fully occupied anti-bonding orbital based on metal-dπ-μ3-O-pπ interactions, the absorption bands of the (III,III,IV ) species being assigned to transitions to the anti-bonding orbital.

THE ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES, NITROSAMINES, AND NITRATES

1949 ◽  
Vol 27b (11) ◽  
pp. 828-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Norman Jones ◽  
G. Denis Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Structure Formula ◽  
New Compounds

The ultraviolet absorption bands associated with the following groups have been investigated in a variety of compounds of known structure:[Formula: see text]The groups may be characterized by the ultraviolet spectrum, and the number of each type of group present in a given compound may be estimated from an analysis of the shape and intensity of the absorption spectrum. These correlations have been applied to the elucidation of the structure of new compounds isolated in the course of the investigation of the chemistry of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX).

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF TIME, INTENSITY AND WAVE-LENGTH IN THE PHOTOSENSORY SYSTEM OF PHOLAS

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selig Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
The Way

The most effective point in the visible spectrum for the stimulation of Pholas is 550 mµ. On the red side, the effectiveness drops rapidly to almost zero. On the violet side, the effectiveness drops to about half, and rises again in such a way as to indicate a possible second maximum in the near ultra-violet. On the basis of certain ideas these data are assumed to represent the properties of the absorption spectrum of the photosensitive system in Pholas. A comparison with Mya shows that the absorption spectra of the photosensitive systems in the animals are distinctly different. Nevertheless the way in which intensity and reaction time are related in the two animals are found to be identical. The conclusion is then drawn from this and from previous work, that although the fundamental properties of the photoreceptor process show an identical organization in several different animals, the materials which compose these processes are specific.

scholarly journals Absorption of lithium vapour

1924 ◽  
Vol 106 (735) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Short Wave Length

The fluorescence and channelled absorption spectra of the vapours of the alkali metals have been studied by several physicists, notable among them being Roscoe and Schuster, Liveing and Dewar, Wood and his collaborators, Bevan, and Dunoyer, Wood, working with a concave grating of large radius showed that there are as many as 8,000 absorption lines in the visible region of the absorption spectrum of sodium. In a recent paper Prof. McLennan and Ainslie have given an account of some interesting experiments on the subject, where cesium has been shown for the first time to possess a channelled absorption spectrum in the neighbourhood, and on the short wave-length side, of the first member of the principal series, and a fluorescence spectrum in the near infra-red region. Though attempts were made by these authors to get spectrograms of fluorescence and channelled absorption with the vapour of lithium, no definite results could be obtained, but they pointed out that their preliminary results indicated that lithium possessed a banded absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region between 0.4 μ and 0.3 μ The failure to obtain channelled absorption spectrum with lithium vapour was probably due to their not obtaining vapour of sufficient density, as the boiling point of the metal is of the order of 1,400°C. In this investigation there were found with lithium vapour not only channelled absorption spectra, both on the short and the long wave-length side of the first line of the principal series, but also, as in the case of sodium, it has been found that there is a fine line absorption spectrum immediately on each side of the main line.

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