The nervous release and the action of substances which affect intestinal muscle through neither adrenoreceptors nor cholinoreceptors

1973 ◽  
Vol 265 (867) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Transmitter Substance

Mammalian gastrointestinal muscle is supplied by non-adrenergic, intrinsic inhibitory neurons. The substantial evidence which exists to suggest that adenosine triphosphate is the transmitter released from these nerves is discussed briefly. It is shown that the intrinsic inhibitory neurons compose the efferent link in a cascade of descending reflexes extending from the oesophagus to the anal sphincter. Gastrointestinal muscle is also supplied by non-cholinergic excitatory nerves. The pharmacology of transmission from a group of such nerves to the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig proximal colon is described and evidence is presented to suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) may be the transmitter substance. The contraction is blocked by phentolamine and methysergide which both antagonize the contractile action of 5-HT. When the muscle is desensitized by continued exposure to 5-HT, the noncholinergic contraction can no longer be elicited.

scholarly journals Properties of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of smooth muscle isolated from the proximal colon of the guinea-pig

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhei Kodama ◽  
Satoshi Iino ◽  
Yuhsuke Shigemasa ◽  
Hikaru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Proximal Colon

Stop Fitan: Antispasmodic Effect of Natural Extract of Chestnut Wood in Guinea Pig Ileum and Proximal Colon Smooth Muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Budriesi ◽  
Pierfranco Ioan ◽  
Matteo Micucci ◽  
Ermanno Micucci ◽  
Vittorio Limongelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Natural Extract ◽  
Antispasmodic Effect ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Release of nitric oxide by activation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurons of internal anal sphincter

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. G7-G12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chakder ◽  
S. Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
No Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the direct release of nitric oxide (NO) in response to the stimulation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves. The studies were performed on isolated smooth muscle strips of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) internal anal sphincter (IAS). Electrical field stimulation (EFS) using the appropriate parameters caused a frequency-dependent fall in the resting tone of the IAS. The release of NO was measured directly by the chemiluminescence method. The stimulation of NANC neurons by EFS and the nicotinic stimulant 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) caused IAS relaxation with an accompanying release of NO. The release of NO and the fall in the resting tension of IAS in response to lower frequencies of EFS and DMPP were abolished by pretreatment of the smooth muscles with the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin and the NO-synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). The obliteration of the release of NO and the IAS relaxation in the presence of L-NNA reversed to control levels by the addition of the NO precursor L-arginine. The effect of L-NNA and L-arginine on NO release and IAS relaxation was stereoselective, since D-NNA and D-arginine had no significant effect. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide also caused release of NO from IAS smooth muscle strips, which was abolished by L-NNA. However, isoproterenol and atrial natriuretic factor caused IAS relaxation without any increase in NO release. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the direct release of NO in response to the stimulation of NANC inhibitory neurons of the gut.

Characteristics of contraction in glycerinated uterine smooth muscle

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Maximal Contraction ◽  
Uterine Smooth Muscle ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Maximal Tension

Glycerinated guinea pig uterine fibers developed a maximal tension of 40 g/cm2 in castrated animals and 100 g/cm2 in animals pretreated with estrone or estrone-progesterone in the presence of both adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 5 mm, and Mg, 5 mm. In the absence of Mg, Ca had no effect on contraction induced by ATP (pH 6.5). However, following maximal contraction in ATP and Mg, 1 mm Ca induced a variable slight increase in tension in freshly extracted fibers (4 days-1 month) but not in fibers extracted for over 2 months. At a constant Mg level, 5 mm, the tension developed was a function of the ATP concentration from 0.1 mm to 5 mm (ADP and creatine phosphate had no effect). Above 5 mm, ATP resulted in relaxation which could be prevented by raising the Mg concentration. It was concluded that contraction in uterine muscle was basically similar to contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle and that these uterine preparations may contain a labile relaxing factor(s) but did not contain ATP restituting systems.

Selective utilization of L-isomer of lactate in the smooth muscle of the guinea pig taenia caeci

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540-1543
Author(s):  
Isamu Endo ◽  
Tadahiko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroaki Takahashi ◽  
Hideaki Karaki
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
High K ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Utilization of D- and L-lactate in the isolated intestinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig taenia caeci was examined by measuring contractile tension, oxygen consumption, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (PCr) concentrations. In the absence of glucose in the medium, muscle contraction induced by a high concentration of K+ was inhibited and the rate of oxygen consumption and the concentrations of ATP and PCr were decreased. Addition of glucose, L-lactate, and D,L-lactate, but not D-lactate, led to recovery of muscle contraction, rate of oxygen consumption, and ATP and PCr concentrations when the tissue had been incubated in the high K+, glucose-free solution. These results suggest that the isolated guinea pig taenia caeci selectively utilizes the L-isomer of lactate as a substrate for energy metabolism.Key words: lactate isomers, smooth muscle, oxygen consumption, adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate.

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