scholarly journals Three serial passages of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep do not significantly affect discriminatory test results

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stack ◽  
Lorenzo González ◽  
Martin Jeffrey ◽  
Stuart Martin ◽  
Colin Macaldowie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Disease Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

During the 1980s, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-contaminated meat and bonemeal were probably fed to sheep, raising concerns that BSE may have been transmitted to sheep in the UK. The human disease, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, arose during the BSE epidemic, and oral exposure of humans to BSE-infected tissues has been implicated in its aetiology. The concern is that sheep BSE could provide another source of BSE exposure to humans via sheep products. Two immunological techniques, Western immunoblotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), have been developed to distinguish scrapie from cases of experimental sheep BSE by the characteristics of their respective abnormal, disease-associated prion proteins (PrPd). This study compares the WB and IHC characteristics of PrPd from brains of primary, secondary and tertiary experimental ovine BSE cases with those of cattle BSE and natural sheep scrapie. Discrimination between experimental sheep BSE and scrapie remained possible by both methods, regardless of the route of challenge.

Evaluation of a Rapid Western Immunoblotting Procedure for the Diagnosis of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in the UK

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Cooley ◽  
J.K. Clark ◽  
S.J. Ryder ◽  
L.A. Davis ◽  
S.S.J. Farrelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan. How was the “Blanket Testing Myth” Created?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Karaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

In 1986, after bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was discovered in the United Kingdom, over 183,000 cases have been confirmed to date. In 1996, the UK government announced that BSE may be transmitted to humans, causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Retrospectively, the measures taken by the UK government were appropriate and the number of new cases of both BSE and vCJD decreased. Because of the long incubation period between infection and the appearance of clinical symptoms in both BSE and vCJD, a long time was needed to determine the effects of these measures. The inappropriate risk communication, however, caused people to lose trust in the UK government, and fear spread. In Japan, a cow infected with BSE was found in 2001. Although no cattle showing BSE symptoms were found and the risk of BSE infection was low, fear again spread due to inadequate risk communication. To allay consumer anxieties, the government began testing all cattle at slaughter facilities. This, in turn, generated the "blanket testing myth" - the misunderstanding that BSE testing was the most important measure needed to maintain the safety of beef consumption.

The neuropathologic phenotype of experimental ovine BSE is maintained after blood transfusion

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Sisó ◽  
Lorenzo González ◽  
Fiona Houston ◽  
Nora Hunter ◽  
Stuart Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

Iatrogenic transmission by blood transfusion has been described in cases of human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), experimental ovine bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and natural sheep scrapie, demonstrating that blood in these prion diseases is infectious. However, the possible effect of the transfusion, derived from differences in the inoculum (blood) and the route of infection (intravenous), on the pathologic phenotype of the disease in the recipients is not known. This study describes the neuropathologic phenotype of PrPd accumulation in sheep succumbing to neurologic disease after blood transfusion from donors experimentally infected with BSE; these were either clinically or subclinically affected at the time of donation. We demonstrate that blood can become infectious at early stages of ovine BSE infection and that the PrPd immunohistochemical phenotype is maintained after transfusion. This suggests that a change in the pathologic phenotype of vCJD would not be expected as a result of exposure to infected blood.

PRÍONS E DOENÇAS PRIÔNICAS: UMA REVISÃO

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Vinicio Berti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
General View ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

The name príon is given to an altered form of a protein present at the surface of neurons. Prions are remarkable for been able to induct their normal counterpart to assume the pathological configuration on a kind of chain reaction, with the possibility of trasmission between subjects and even through different species. Prions can cause a series of neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, kuru), and animals such cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or “mad cow disease”), deer (chronic wasting disease) and sheep (scrapie). This article is a non-systematic review, obtained on PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, with the aim to give a general view about the nature of prions, followed by a brief discussion of the human diseases caused by prions.

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