scholarly journals Newborn chicks show inherited variability in early social predispositions for hen-like stimuli

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Versace ◽  
Ilaria Fracasso ◽  
Gabriele Baldan ◽  
Antonella Dalle Zotte ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Initial Preference ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
Structured Representation ◽  
Human Neonates ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Alternative Stimulus

AbstractPredispositions of newborn vertebrates to preferentially attend to living beings and learn about them are pervasive. Their disturbance (e.g. in human neonates at risk for autism), may compromise the proper development of a social brain. The genetic bases of such predispositions are unknown. Here we take advantage of well-known visual preferences exhibited by newly-hatched domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) for the head/neck region of their mother hen, to investigate the presence of segregating variation in the predispositions to approach a stuffed hen vs. a scrambled version of it. We compared the spontaneous preferences of three different breeds that have been maintained genetically isolated for at least eighteen years and identically raised in the same farm. Visually-naïve chicks of all the three tested breeds (Padovana, Polverara and Robusta maculata) showed the same initial preference for the predisposed stimulus, suggesting that the direction of the initial preference might be genetically fixed. A few minutes later though, striking differences emerged between breeds, which could indicate early different strategies of dealing with affiliative objects: while the Polverara breed maintained a constant preference across the entire test, the Padovana and Robusta breeds progressively explored the alternative stimulus more. We argue that exploration of novelty might help chicks to look for responsive parental objects and to form a more structured representation of the mother hen. We hence documented the presence of inherited genetic variability for early social predisposition in interaction with environmental stimuli.

scholarly journals OC-0253: Mid-treatment adaptive dosimetry of swallowing organs at risk(SWOAR) in head & neck cancer patients undergoing VMAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. S99
Author(s):  
A. Duffton ◽  
R. Muirhead ◽  
M. Rizwanullah ◽  
C. Paterson ◽  
M. McJury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals The potential of constrained SAR focusing for hyperthermia treatment planning: analysis for the head & neck region

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 015013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Bellizzi ◽  
T Drizdal ◽  
G C van Rhoon ◽  
L Crocco ◽  
T Isernia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Hyperthermia Treatment ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals Cervical intradural extramedullay vascular schwannoma in a thirty eight year old male

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Shipra Singhal ◽  
Sufian Zaheer ◽  
Rashmi Arora
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Cervical Swelling ◽  
Head Neck

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheet tumours that may arise almost anywhere in the body but are commonly seen in the head, neck region and in the extremities. They may be associated with variable clinical presentations depending on their location. The peripheral nerves are closely related to vascular tissues morphologically and physiologically and therefore schwannomas may be associated with vascular changes like vascular hyperplasia and vascular dilation. Here authors represent one such case where a 38-year-old patient presented with a cervical swelling which on histopathology was diagnosed as vascular schwannoma.

scholarly journals Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a rabid bull

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira ◽  
Adriana Stigger ◽  
Letícia Fiss ◽  
Ana Carolina Coelho ◽  
Bianca Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Subcutaneous Emphysema ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Severe Emphysema ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Head Neck

This report describes pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a bull with paralytic rabies. The bull displayed severe swelling in the head, neck, chest and forelimbs extending to the ventrum, including the prepuce, 7 days after the development of neurological signs. At necropsy, extensive subcutaneous emphysema was observed in the neck region, abdominal wall and proximal forelimbs. The lungs failed to collapse and had severe emphysema with bullae. Rabies was suspected due to an ongoing outbreak at the farm and was confirmed by histologic lesions and immunohistochemistry. Similar to humans, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema should be considered as an unusual complication of rabies in cattle.

scholarly journals A study of the use of the supraclavicular artery flap for resurfacing of head, neck, and upper torso defects

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-012
Author(s):  
Parag Telang ◽  
Mukund Jagannathan ◽  
Maksud Devale
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Operative Morbidity ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Texture Match ◽  
Burn Contractures ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Tissue Defects

ABSTRACTThe head and neck region is an aesthetically demanding area to resurface because of its high visibility. Tissue defects in this area often require distant flaps or free flaps to achieve an aesthetically acceptable result. The use of the Supraclavicular artery flap represents an extremely versatile and useful option for the resurfacing of head, neck and upper torso defects. Furthermore, islanding the flap gives it a wide arc of rotation and the color and texture match is superior to that of free flaps harvested from distant sites. In our study, we used the flap (both unexpanded and expanded) predominantly for resurfacing neck defects resulting from the release of post-burn contractures. However, its applicability in other indications would also be similar. Except one, all our flaps survived almost completely and the post-operative morbidity was very low. We conclude that the supraclavicular artery flap not only provides a reasonably good color and texture match but also maintains the multi-directional activity in the neck region.

scholarly journals Comments on “The tubarial salivary glands: First description of a potential new organ at risk for head-neck radiotherapy”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cohen Goldemberg ◽  
Tiago Novaes Pinheiro ◽  
Alan Roger Santos-Silva ◽  
Andreia Cristina de Melo ◽  
Jair Carneiro Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Organ At Risk ◽  
Head Neck

Linear Homeomorphic Models for Muscles in the Head–Neck Region

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Sierra ◽  
John D. Enderle
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Muntasir Mahbub ◽  
Nabila Mannan ◽  
Md Mazharul Shaheen ◽  
Manash Ranjan Chakraborti ◽  
AKM Shaifuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Temporal Fossa ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Mastoid Antrum

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. There are four histological types and among them the embryonic types are the most common. It can occur in any anatomic location, although when occurring in the head and neck region, it has an affinity to invade the cranial cavity. Patient was a 5 years old boy who was admitted with the complaints of pain and discharge from the ear, swelling on left side of the upper neck, and mastoid region and a fleshy mass protruding from the ear canal. The mass was confirmed to be Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma on histopathology. CT scan of the Head-Neck region, showed extension of the mass into infra-temporal fossa and in the mastoid antrum. After complete excision, the patient was referred to oncology deptt for consultation. The chemotherapy schedule comprised of Vincristine and Dactinomycine for 9-12 cycles. Otolaryngologists need to be aware of this rare condition as it may mimic the symptoms of CSOM or nasal polyp. And also long term followup is needed since recurrence can present several years after initial treatment.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2015; 21(2): 127-131

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