scholarly journals Cervical intradural extramedullay vascular schwannoma in a thirty eight year old male

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Shipra Singhal ◽  
Sufian Zaheer ◽  
Rashmi Arora
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Cervical Swelling ◽  
Head Neck

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheet tumours that may arise almost anywhere in the body but are commonly seen in the head, neck region and in the extremities. They may be associated with variable clinical presentations depending on their location. The peripheral nerves are closely related to vascular tissues morphologically and physiologically and therefore schwannomas may be associated with vascular changes like vascular hyperplasia and vascular dilation. Here authors represent one such case where a 38-year-old patient presented with a cervical swelling which on histopathology was diagnosed as vascular schwannoma.

Compression neuropathies of the forearm: anatomy, clinical features and management

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexander Scarborough ◽  
Robert J MacFarlane ◽  
Michail Klontzas ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

The upper limb consists of four major parts: a girdle formed by the clavicle and scapula, the arm, the forearm and the hand. Peripheral nerve lesions of the upper limb are divided into lesions of the brachial plexus or the nerves arising from it. Lesions of the nerves arising from the brachial plexus are further divided into upper (proximal) or lower (distal) lesions based on their location. Peripheral nerves in the forearm can be compressed in various locations and by a wide range of pathologies. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and clinical presentations of these compression neuropathies can lead to prompt diagnosis and management, preventing possible permanent damage. This article discusses the aetiology, anatomy, clinical presentation and surgical management of compressive neuropathies of the upper limb.

scholarly journals Cytohistopathological appraisal of unusual locations of epidermoid inclusion cysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Parvez Mujawar ◽  
Dhiraj B. Nikumbh ◽  
Nandkumar V. Dravid ◽  
Ravi Prabhat
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Head Neck

Background: Epidermoid inclusion cysts are common benign lesions of the pilosebaceous origin that encountered anywhere in the body. Most common sites are hairy and non hairy areas mainly scalp, back, neck and trunk. Objective of present study was to highlight and document the cytohistomorphological features of epidermoid inclusion cysts (EIC) at unusual locations of the body in our tertiary care center.Methods: The present study is retrospective, cross sectional study done on cytohistopathological specimen over a period of 30 months from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 82 cases of EIC were included in the study. All the sites were included in the study that is usual as well as unusual. Sebaceous and dermoid cysts were excluded from the study. Unusual sites of EIC were collected, tabulated and compared with existing literature.Results: The most common affected site of EIC in our study was head, neck and face (42.7%) followed by extremities and axilla (29%), back (11%) and chest/abdomen (8.6%). Peak incidence of EIC was found in 31 to 40 years (34.1%) with male preponderance (1.5:1). The unusual sites encountered were oral cavity and tonsil in head neck region, sole in the extremities, breasts and testis.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of FNAC in early diagnosis and histopathology for confirmation and treatment purposes in epidermoid inclusion cysts. It provides prompt response to avoid cosmetic and functional disabilities in unusual locations of common lesions like EIC because the differentials may from inflammatory to malignant ones.

scholarly journals Hollowfiber Polyurethane-Collagen Coating Chitosan as Nerve Graft for Therapy of Peripheral Nerve Injury in Extreme Paralysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendita Nur Maulida ◽  
Fitriyatul Qulub ◽  
Azizah Fresia Rosdiani ◽  
Disca Sandyakala Purnama ◽  
Karina Dwi Saraswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
The Body ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Collagen Coating ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Test Result

Peripheral nerve injury with gaps between 5 and 30 mm can result in permanent paralysis because axons are cut. The distance between axons, which is more than 1-2 cm, needs graft in the form of nerve connecting pipe in order to repair the defects. A synthesis of hollowfiber polyurethane-collagen coated by chitosan was carried out to identify its potential as treatment accelerator for peripheral nerve injury. The result of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed multiple links between chitosan and glutaraldehyde, which can be seen in wavenumber shift from 1080-1100 cm-1 to 1002 cm-1. The degradation test result revealed that the sample displayed mass loss after it was soaked in simulated body fluid(SBF) for seven days. Polyurethanecan be degraded in the body after 30 days. This converges with the nerve mechanism that regenerates at the rate of 1 mm/day or 1 inch/month. The result of tensile test indicated that modulus values of chitosan coating variation of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were 4.75 MPa, 4.74 MPa, and 7.67 Mpa respectively. The outcome of scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed that hollow fiberhas a diameter of 2.021-2.032 mm, which matches the diameter of peripheral nerves ranging from 1.5 to 3 mm and the membrane pore size of 31.33-39.65 μm. The result of MTT assay demonstrated that the percentage of viable fibroblastBHK-21cells was exceeding 50%, which means that the sample does not have toxic properties. The result of this study is expected to provide theoretical basis for the utilization of polyurethane-collagen coating chitosan as nervegraft for theraphy of peripheral nerve injury. The utilization is possible due to the fact that the composite exhibits biocompatible, regenerative, and easily degradable characteristics. Moreover, it could become an alternative solution to answer the need of a more affordable and easier-to-produce nerve graft, so it can be mass-produced in Indonesia.

Individual mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve damage when exposed to metallic mercury

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 918-924
Author(s):  
Dina V. Rusanova ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman ◽  
Galina M. Bodienkova ◽  
Irina V. Kudaeva ◽  
Natalya G. Kuptsova
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Peripheral Blood Circulation ◽  
Antibodies To Dna

Introduction. There is a lack of knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that form peripheral nerve disorders in mercury lesions of professional origin. The study aims to reveal the mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve damage in the long-term post-contact period of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). Materials and methods. Fifty-one people had the diagnosis of a long-term period of CMI. The post-contact period was 8.5±2.6 years. The authors compared the results with a control group of 26 healthy men who had no contact with toxic substances. Stimulating electroneuromyography was performed. We studied the body systems that could contribute to the formation of disorders in the peripheral nerves. Changes in peripheral hemodynamics were studied using reovasography. The content of autoantibodies, neuron-specific enolase, serotonin, histamine, catecholamines (epinephrine, dopamine), metanephrine, and neurotrophin-3 was reviewed. The content of ceruloplasmin, secondary products of lipid peroxidation processes, reduced glutathione, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of nitric oxide levels were determined. Results. The study established pathogenetic structural links of peripheral nerve disorders. The autoimmune process's role was to increase the range of antibodies to the MAG protein and increase the level of antibodies to DNA. Violations of elastic-tonic properties of peripheral vessels could be associated with the functional state of motor axons. The increased content of neurotransmitters is related to the state of peripheral blood circulation; the most pronounced changes were on the legs, which could contribute to the occurrence and maintenance of vasoconstriction. The role of oxidative stress in the formation of demyelinating disorders in patients' peripheral nerves in the long-term period of CRI is possible. Conclusion. Neuroimmunological processes has an essential role in the development of peripheral nerve demyelination was shown, which consists in an increase in the content of antibodies to the MAG protein expressed on Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and in an increase in the level of antibodies to DNA involved in the formation of demyelinating changes when exposed to metallic mercury. The revealed pathological changes in the state of the peripheral blood circulation, characterized by a violation of the vessels' elastic-tonic properties, leading to demyelination of motor axons in patients in the long-term period of CMI. The increased content of neurotransmitters in the examined is of great importance in the state of peripheral circulation. Pronounced changes in blood circulation are established on the lower extremities, which may be associated with the predominance of α-adrenergic receptors in the arterial bed and may contribute to the occurrence and maintenance of vasoconstriction in the legs. The relationship between changes in indicators of oxidative stress, consisting of a decrease in the value of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, and the formation of demyelinating disorders of peripheral nerves in patients in the long-term period of CMI has been proved.

scholarly journals Experimental Methods to Simulate and Evaluate Postsurgical Peripheral Nerve Scarring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613
Author(s):  
Alessandro Crosio ◽  
Giulia Ronchi ◽  
Benedetta Elena Fornasari ◽  
Simonetta Odella ◽  
Stefania Raimondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scar Tissue Formation

As a consequence of trauma or surgical interventions on peripheral nerves, scar tissue can form, interfering with the capacity of the nerve to regenerate properly. Scar tissue may also lead to traction neuropathies, with functional dysfunction and pain for the patient. The search for effective antiadhesion products to prevent scar tissue formation has, therefore, become an important clinical challenge. In this review, we perform extensive research on the PubMed database, retrieving experimental papers on the prevention of peripheral nerve scarring. Different parameters have been considered and discussed, including the animal and nerve models used and the experimental methods employed to simulate and evaluate scar formation. An overview of the different types of antiadhesion devices and strategies investigated in experimental models is also provided. To successfully evaluate the efficacy of new antiscarring agents, it is necessary to have reliable animal models mimicking the complications of peripheral nerve scarring and also standard and quantitative parameters to evaluate perineural scars. So far, there are no standardized methods used in experimental research, and it is, therefore, difficult to compare the results of the different antiadhesion devices.

The clinical course and role of surgery in pediatric malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a database study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victor M. Lu ◽  
Shelly Wang ◽  
David J. Daniels ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Allan D. Levi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Database ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Nerve Sheath

OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare tumors found throughout the body, with their clinical course in children still not completely understood. Correspondingly, this study aimed to determine survival outcomes and specific clinical predictors of survival in this population from a large national database. METHODS All patients with MPNSTs aged ≤ 18 years in the US National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were summarized, and overall survival was modeled using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 251 pediatric patients with MPNSTs (132 [53%] females and 119 [47%] males) were identified; the mean age at diagnosis was 13.1 years (range 1–18 years). There were 84 (33%) MPNSTs located in the extremities, 127 (51%) were smaller than 1 cm, and 22 (9%) had metastasis at the time of diagnosis. In terms of treatment, surgery was pursued in 187 patients (74%), chemotherapy in 116 patients (46%), and radiation therapy in 129 patients (61%). The 5-year overall survival rate was estimated at 52% (95% CI 45%–59%), with a median survival of 64 months (range 36–136 months). Multivariate regression revealed that older age (HR 1.10, p < 0.01), metastases at the time of diagnosis (HR 2.14, p = 0.01), and undergoing biopsy only (HR 2.98, p < 0.01) significantly and independently predicted a shorter overall survival. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the authors found that older patient age, tumor metastases at the time of diagnosis, and undergoing only biopsy significantly and independently predicted poorer outcomes. Only approximately half of patients survived to 5 years. These results have shown a clear survival benefit in pursuing maximal safe resection in pediatric patients with MPNSTs. As such, judicious workup with meticulous resection by an expert team should be considered the standard of care for these tumors in children.

The Validation of Measures of Outcome Following Suture of Divided Peripheral Nerves Supplying the Hand

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
D. MARSH
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Nerve Suture ◽  
Classic Paper

Erik Moberg pioneered the idea of validating measures of sensory function following peripheral nerve suture by correlating their results with those of functional tests. However it is important that powerful prior variables (age at suture, time elapsed since suture and delay between injury and suture) be controlled. Failure to do this may result in spurious correlations, as illustrated by analysis of two sets of data, one collected by the author and the other given in the classic paper of Önne (1962).

scholarly journals The potential of constrained SAR focusing for hyperthermia treatment planning: analysis for the head & neck region

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 015013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Bellizzi ◽  
T Drizdal ◽  
G C van Rhoon ◽  
L Crocco ◽  
T Isernia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Hyperthermia Treatment ◽  
Head Neck
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