scholarly journals Early individual and family predictors of weight trajectories from early childhood to adolescence: results from the Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constança Soares dos Santos ◽  
João Picoito ◽  
Carla Nunes ◽  
Isabel Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Weight Trajectories

AbstractBackgroundEarly infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children’s health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,166 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis.ResultsWe found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity.ConclusionsUnhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationships are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.

scholarly journals Children's behavioural problems and its associations with socioeconomic position and early parenting environment: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tamura ◽  
J. Morrison ◽  
H. Pikhart
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Early Parenting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Aims To investigate behavioural problems throughout childhood and adolescent, and its relationship with socioeconomic position (SEP) and early parenting environment. Methods Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study conducted in the UK, behavioural problems of 14 452 children were analysed using a growth curve model. The children were followed from birth to adolescence, and their behavioural problems were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The SDQ was sub-scaled into externalising and internalising problems. After assessing the general trajectory of children's behavioural problems, variables representing SEP and parenting environments were introduced to the model to analyse the association with children's outcomes. Results Overall, children's trajectories in externalising problems showed a decreasing trend while internalising problems increased as they aged. Household income and maternal education in early childhood were independently associated with children's behavioural problems, while the association for maternal occupation was significantly weaker. Positive early parenting environments attenuated the association between SEP and children's behavioural problems. Also, with regards to children's behavioural problems, positive parenting explained more variance between children compared to SEP. Favourable parent–child relationship buffered the income gradient in children's behavioural problems during early childhood, and although this buffering effect did not last until adolescence, those who had good parent–child relationships developed better outcomes regardless of their SEP. Conclusions The results of the study emphasise the importance of a positive early parenting environment for improving and reducing the socioeconomic gap in children's behavioural problems and encourages policies to promote better parenting circumstances.

scholarly journals Early life and socio-economic determinants of dietary trajectories in infancy and early childhood – results from the HSHK birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendar Manohar ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Loc Do ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
Sameer Bhole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Abstract Background Early childhood is a period when dietary behaviours are established. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal intake of core and discretionary foods and identify early life and socio-economic factors influencing those intakes. Methods Mother-infant dyads (n = 934) from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study, an ongoing birth cohort study, were interviewed. The information on ‘weekly frequency of core and discretionary foods intake’ using a food frequency questionnaire was collected at 4 months, 8 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years age points. Group-based trajectory modelling analyses were performed to identify diet trajectories for ‘core’ and ‘discretionary’ foods respectively. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the maternal and child-related predictors of resulting trajectories. Results The intake of core and discretionary foods each showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. Overall, core foods intake increased rapidly in the first year of life, followed by a decline after age two, whereas discretionary foods intake increased steadily across the five age points. Multiparity (Relative Risk (RR): 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27–0.77), non-English speaking ethnicity of mother (RR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.47–0.91) and having a single mother (RR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.18–0.85) were associated with low trajectories of core foods intake whereas older maternal age (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01–1.08) and longer breastfeeding duration (RR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00–1.03) were associated with higher trajectories of core foods intake. Also, multiparity (RR 2.63, 95%CI: 1.47–4.70), low maternal education (RR 3.01, 95%CI: 1.61–5.65), and socio-economic disadvantage (RR 2.69, 95%CI: 1.31–5.55) were associated with high trajectories of discretionary foods intake. Conversely, longer duration of breastfeeding (RR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.97–0.99), and timely introduction of complementary foods (RR 0.30, 95%CI: 0.15–0.61) had a protective effect against high discretionary foods consumption in infancy and early childhood. Conclusion Children’s frequency of discretionary foods intake increases markedly as they transition from infancy to preschool age, and the trajectories of intake established during early childhood are strongly influenced by socio-demographic factors and infant feeding choices. Hence, there is a need for targeted strategies to improve nutrition in early childhood and ultimately prevent the incidence of chronic diseases in children.

Weight Gain Trajectory and Pain Interference in Young Adulthood: Evidence from a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Tumin ◽  
Adrianne Frech ◽  
Jamie L Lynch ◽  
Vidya T Raman ◽  
Tarun Bhalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Bmi Trajectory

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with chronic pain, but the contribution of body mass index (BMI) trajectories over the life course to the onset of pain problems remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed how BMI trajectories during the transition to adulthood were associated with a measure of pain interference obtained at age 29 in a longitudinal birth cohort study.MethodsData from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (follow-up from 1997 to 2015), were used to determine BMI trajectories from age 14 to 29 via group trajectory modeling. At age 29, respondents described whether pain interfered with their work inside and outside the home over the past four weeks (not at all, a little, or a lot). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate pain interference according to BMI trajectory and study covariates.ResultsAmong 7,875 respondents, 11% reported “a little” and 4% reported “a lot” of pain interference at age 29. Four BMI trajectory groups were identified, varying in starting BMI and rate of weight gain. The “obese” group (8% of respondents) had a starting BMI of 30 kg/m2 and gained an average of 0.7 kg/m2/y. On multivariable analysis, this group was the most likely to have greater pain interference, compared with “high normal weight” (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–1.88), “low normal weight” (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13–1.87), and “overweight” trajectories (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.73).ConclusionsObesity and rapid weight gain during the transition to adulthood were associated with higher risk of pain interference among young adults.

scholarly journals Examining the relationships between early childhood experiences and adolescent and young adult health status in a resource-limited population: A cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e1003745
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Rasmussen ◽  
Wasiat H. Shah ◽  
Chelsea L. Hansen ◽  
Syed Iqbal Azam ◽  
Ejaz Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

Background Adolescence is a critical point in the realization of human capital, as health and educational decisions with long-term impacts are made. We examined the role of early childhood experiences on health, cognitive abilities, and educational outcomes of adolescents followed up from a longitudinal cohort study in Pakistan, hypothesizing that early childhood experiences reflecting poverty would manifest in reduced health and development in adolescence. Methods and findings Adolescents/young adults previously followed as children aged under 5 years were interviewed. Childhood data were available on diarrhea, pneumonia, and parental/household characteristics. New data were collected on health, anthropometry, education, employment, and languages spoken; nonverbal reasoning was assessed. A multivariable Bayesian network was constructed to explore structural relationships between variables. Of 1,868 children originally enrolled, 1,463 (78.3%) were interviewed as adolescents (range 16.0–29.3 years, mean age 22.6 years); 945 (65%) lived in Oshikhandass. While 1,031 (70.5%) of their mothers and 440 (30.1%) of their fathers had received no formal education, adolescents reported a mean of 11.1 years of education. Childhood diarrhea (calculated as episodes/child-year) had no association with nonverbal reasoning score (an arc was supported in just 4.6% of bootstrap samples), health measures (with BMI, 1% of bootstrap samples; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 0.1% and 1.6% of bootstrap samples, respectively), education (0.7% of bootstrap samples), or employment (0% of bootstrap samples). Relationships were found between nonverbal reasoning and adolescent height (arc supported in 63% of bootstrap samples), age (84%), educational attainment (100%), and speaking English (100%); speaking English was linked to the childhood home environment, mediated through maternal education and primary language. Speaking English (n = 390, 26.7% of adolescents) was associated with education (100% of bootstrap samples), self-reported child health (82%), current location (85%) and variables describing childhood socioeconomic status. The main limitations of this study were the lack of parental data to characterize the home setting (including parental mental and physical health, and female empowerment) and reliance on self-reporting of health status. Conclusions In this population, investments in education, especially for females, are associated with an increase in human capital. Against the backdrop of substantial societal change, with the exception of a small and indirect association between childhood malnutrition and cognitive scores, educational opportunities and cultural language groups have stronger associations with aspects of human capital than childhood morbidity.

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