scholarly journals Early-childhood BMI trajectories: evidence from a prospective, nationally representative British cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e198-e198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stuart ◽  
L Panico
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Prevalence and early-life determinants of mid-life multimorbidity: evidence from the 1970 British birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Gondek ◽  
David Bann ◽  
Matt Brown ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to: (1) estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity at age 46-48 in the 1970 British Cohort Study—a nationally representative sample in mid-life; and (2) examine the association between early-life characteristics and mid-life multimorbidity in the 1970 British Cohort Study.DesignProspective longitudinal birth cohort.SettingA community based sample from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70).ParticipantsAll surviving children born in mainland Britain in a single week in April 1970; the analytical sample was those with valid data at age 46-48 (n=7,951; 2016-2018).Main outcome measureMultimorbidity was operationalised as a binary indicator of two or more long-term health conditions where at least one of these conditions was of physical health. It also included symptom complexes (e.g. chronic pain), sensory impairments, and alcohol problems.ResultsPrevalence of mid-life multimorbidity was 33.8% at age 46-48. Those with fathers from unskilled social occupational class (vs. professional) at birth had 43% higher risk of mid-life multimorbidity (risk ratio=1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.70). After accounting for a range of potential child and family confounders, an additional kilogram of birthweight was associated with 10% reduced risk of multimorbidity (risk ratio=0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 0.96); a decrease of one body mass index point at age 10 was associated with 3% lower risk (risk ratio=1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.05); one standard deviation higher cognitive ability score at age 10 corresponded to 4% lower risk (risk ratio=0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.00); an increase of one internalising problem at age 16 was equated with 4% higher risk (risk ratio=1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.08) and of one externalising problem at age 16 with 6% higher risk (risk ratio=1.06, 1.03 to 1.09).ConclusionPrevalence of multimorbidity was high in mid-life (33.8% at age 46-48) in Britain, with those in a more disadvantaged social class a birth being disproportionally affected. Potentially modifiable early-life exposures including early-life social circumstances, cognitive, physical and emotional development were associated with mid-life multimorbidity.What is already known on this topic?Due to differences in outcome definition, estimates of multimorbidity prevalence in mid-life (age 40-60) have varied extensively in high-income countries—from 15 to 80% between 1961 and 2013.There is a lack of contemporary national data in Great Britain describing the burden and nature of multimorbidity according to an agreed definition.The association between early-life risk factors and individual health conditions have been widely studied, however it is unknown if they are associated with multimorbidity.What this study addsPrevalence of multimorbidity in mid-life (age 46-48) was 33.8% in a nationally representative birth cohort in 2016-2018.Disadvantaged early-life parental social class, lower birthweight, lower cognitive ability, higher childhood body-mass index, and a higher number of internalising and externalising problems were found to be associated with a higher mid-life multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Early individual and family predictors of weight trajectories from early childhood to adolescence: results from the Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constança Soares dos Santos ◽  
João Picoito ◽  
Carla Nunes ◽  
Isabel Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Weight Trajectories

AbstractBackgroundEarly infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children’s health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,166 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis.ResultsWe found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity.ConclusionsUnhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationships are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.

Crime

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Machin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Childhood Problems ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Usual Order

This chapter takes a look at crime. Crime is a problem, both for the criminal and for the community. For the criminal it can lead to social exclusion and a life that fails to satisfy. For the community it reduces the quality of life. These are the effects of crime. However, the chapter reverses the usual order by looking first at the causes of crime. It studies the British Cohort Study data to find out the cause, revealing that problems in early childhood tends to produce more crime. Afterward, the chapter considers the issue in more depth, and attempts to examine the correlation between early childhood problems and early education. Finally, the chapter discusses the effects of crime, both on the individual criminal and on society as a whole.

scholarly journals Associations of childcare type, age at start, and intensity with body mass index trajectories from 10 to 42 years of age in the 1970 British Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Costa ◽  
David Bann ◽  
Sara E Benjamin-Neelon ◽  
Jean Adams ◽  
William Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Sample Average ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Bmi Trajectory

AbstractBackgroundAttending childcare is related to greater childhood obesity risk, but there are few long-term follow-up studies. We aimed to examine the associations of childcare type, duration, and intensity with BMI trajectories from ages 10-42 years.MethodsThe sample comprised 8234 individuals in the 1970 British Cohort Study, who had data on childcare attendance (no, yes), type (formal, informal), duration (4-5, 3-3.99, 0-2.99 years old when started), and intensity (1, 2, 3, 4-5 days/week) reported at age five years and 32563 BMI observations. Multilevel linear spline models were used to estimate the association of each exposure with the sample-average BMI trajectory, with covariate adjustment. A combined duration and intensity exposure was also examined.ResultsChildcare attendance and type were not strongly related to BMI trajectories. Among participants who attended childcare 1-2 days a week, those who started when 3-3.99 years old had a 0.197 (-0.004, 0.399) kg/m2 higher BMI at age 10 years than those who started when 4-5 years old, and those who started when 0-2.99 years old had a 0.289 (0.049, 0.529) kg/m2 higher BMI. A similar dose-response pattern for intensity was observed when holding duration constant. By age 42 years, individuals who started childcare at age 0-2.99 years and attended 3-5 days/week had a 1.356 kg/m2 (0.637, 2.075) higher BMI than individuals who started at age 4-5 years and attended 1-2 days/week.ConclusionsChildren who start childcare earlier and/ or attend more frequently may have greater long-term obesity risk.

scholarly journals Maternal education and early childhood education across affluent English-speaking countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199591
Author(s):  
Robert L. Crosnoe ◽  
Carol Anna Johnston ◽  
Shannon E. Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Country Level ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Nationally Representative

Women who attain more education tend to have children with more educational opportunities, a transmission of educational advantages across generations that is embedded in the larger structures of families’ societies. Investigating such country-level variation with a life-course model, this study estimated associations of mothers’ educational attainment with their young children’s enrollment in early childhood education and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities in a pooled sample of 36,400 children ( n = 17,900 girls, 18,500 boys) drawn from nationally representative data sets from Australia, Ireland, U.K., and U.S. Results showed that having a mother with a college degree generally differentiated young children on these two outcomes more in the U.S., potentially reflecting processes related to strong relative advantage (i.e., maternal education matters more in populations with lower rates of women’s educational attainment) and weak contingent protection (i.e., it matters more in societies with less policy investment in families).

scholarly journals Long-term body mass index changes in overweight and obese adults and the risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cohort study of over 260,000 adults in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Iyen ◽  
Stephen Weng ◽  
Yana Vinogradova ◽  
Ralph K. Akyea ◽  
Nadeem Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of long-term body mass index (BMI) changes in overweight or obese adults, on the risk of heart failure, CVD and mortality has not been quantified. Methods This population-based cohort study used routine UK primary care electronic health data linked to secondary care and death-registry records. We identified adults who were overweight or obese, free from CVD and who had repeated BMI measures. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the BMI trajectories of these individuals and then determined incidence rates of CVD, heart failure and mortality associated with the different trajectories. Cox-proportional hazards regression determined hazards ratios for incident outcomes. Results 264,230 individuals (mean age 49.5 years (SD 12.7) and mean BMI 33.8 kg/m2 (SD 6.1)) were followed-up for a median duration of 10.9 years. Four BMI trajectories were identified, corresponding at baseline, with World Health Organisation BMI classifications for overweight, class-1, class-2 and class-3 obesity respectively. In all four groups, there was a small, stable upwards trajectory in BMI (mean BMI increase of 1.06 kg/m2 (± 3.8)). Compared with overweight individuals, class-3 obese individuals had hazards ratios (HR) of 3.26 (95% CI 2.98–3.57) for heart failure, HR of 2.72 (2.58–2.87) for all-cause mortality and HR of 3.31 (2.84–3.86) for CVD-related mortality, after adjusting for baseline demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion The majority of adults who are overweight or obese retain their degree of overweight or obesity over the long term. Individuals with stable severe obesity experience the worst heart failure, CVD and mortality outcomes. These findings highlight the high cardiovascular toll exacted by continuing failure to tackle obesity.

scholarly journals Device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to mental wellbeing: An analysis of the 1970 British cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 106434
Author(s):  
Nipuna Senaratne ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
André O. Werneck ◽  
Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽  
Mark Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
British Cohort Study
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