scholarly journals Feature selectivity explains mismatch signals in mouse visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaso Muzzu ◽  
Aman B. Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Visual Flow ◽  
Feature Selectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Self Motion

Sensory experience is often dependent on one’s own actions, including self-motion. Theories of predictive coding postulate that actions are regulated by calculating prediction error, which is the difference between sensory experience and expectation based on self-generated actions. Signals consistent with prediction error have been reported in mouse visual cortex (V1) when visual flow coupled to running is unexpectedly perturbed. Here, we show that such signals can be elicited by visual stimuli uncoupled with the animal’s running. We recorded the activity of mouse V1 neurons while presenting drifting gratings that unexpectedly stopped. We found strong responses to visual perturbations, which were enhanced during running. If these perturbation responses are signals about sensorimotor mismatch, they should be largest for front-to-back visual flow expected from the animals’ running. Responses, however, did not show a bias for front-to-back visual flow. Instead, perturbation responses were strongest in the preferred orientation of individual neurons and perturbation responsive neurons were more likely to prefer slow visual speeds. Our results therefore indicate that prediction error signals can be explained by the convergence of known motor and sensory signals in visual cortex, providing a purely sensory and motor explanation for purported mismatch signals.

scholarly journals Emergent orientation selectivity from random networks in mouse visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Pattadkal ◽  
G. Mato ◽  
C. van Vreeswijk ◽  
N. J. Priebe ◽  
D. Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Random Connectivity

SummaryWe study the connectivity principles underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals lacking an orientation map. We present a computational model in which random connectivity gives rise to orientation selectivity that matches experimental observations. It predicts that mouse V1 neurons should exhibit intricate receptive fields in the two-dimensional frequency domain, causing shift in orientation preferences with spatial frequency. We find evidence for these features in mouse V1 using calcium imaging and intracellular whole cell recordings.

scholarly journals Neuregulin and ErbB expression is regulated by development and sensory experience in mouse visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 528 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Grieco ◽  
Gina Wang ◽  
Ananya Mahapatra ◽  
Cary Lai ◽  
Todd C. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Sensory prediction errors increase coding efficiency in mouse visual cortex through gain amplification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Tang ◽  
Ehsan Kheradpezhouh ◽  
Conrad Lee ◽  
J Dickinson ◽  
Jason Mattingley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Coding Efficiency ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Prediction

Abstract The efficiency of sensory coding is affected both by past events (adaptation) and by expectation of future events (prediction). Here we employed a novel visual stimulus paradigm to determine whether expectation influences orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. We used two-photon calcium imaging (GCaMP6f) in awake mice viewing visual stimuli with different levels of predictability. The stimuli consisted of sequences of grating stimuli that randomly shifted in orientation or systematically rotated with occasionally unexpected rotations. At the single neuron and population level, there was significantly enhanced orientation-selective response to unexpected visual stimuli through a boost in gain, which was prominent in awake mice but also present to a lesser extent under anesthesia. We implemented a computational model to demonstrate how neuronal responses were best characterized when adaptation and expectation parameters were combined. Our results demonstrated that adaptation and prediction have unique signatures on activity of V1 neurons.

scholarly journals Developmental dynamics of cross-modality in mouse visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoma Hattori ◽  
Takao K Hensch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Dark Exposure ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

SUMMARYMaturation of GABAergic circuits in primary visual cortex (V1) opens a critical period (CP), a developmental window of enhanced plasticity for visual functions. However, how inhibition promotes the plasticity remains unclear. Here, we investigated the developmental dynamics of auditory responses and audiovisual interactions in mouse V1. Modulation of V1 spiking activity by a transient sound was temporally dynamic with alternating enhancement and suppression phases. When paired with grating visual stimuli, sound-driven spike enhancement and suppression were weaker and stronger with preferred orientation than with non-preferred orientations, respectively, leading to impaired net orientation selectivity in V1 neurons. Strikingly, the net orientation selectivity was impervious to sound specifically during the CP due to equal total amounts of sound-driven spike enhancements and suppressions. This balance of spike modulations at the CP was achieved by the preferential maturation of sound-driven spike suppression. However, further maturation of sound-driven spike enhancement broke the balance after the CP. Spectral analysis of field potentials revealed the enhancement of a GABA-mediated sound-driven power suppression specifically at CP. Reduction of inhibition by 10-day dark-exposure or genetic deletion of GAD65 gene dampened sound-driven spike suppression in V1. Furthermore, acute suppression of either parvalbumin-expressing (PV) or somatostatinexpressing (SST) neurons suggested their early or late recruitments by sound, respectively. Our results point to the dampened net non-visual sensory influence as one of the functional roles of GABA circuit maturation during a developmental CP. The insensitivity of visual selectivity to sound during the CP may promote functional maturation of V1 as visual cortex.

scholarly journals Feature selectivity can explain mismatch signals in mouse visual cortex

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109772
Author(s):  
Tomaso Muzzu ◽  
Aman B. Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Feature Selectivity ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Area-specific mapping of binocular disparity across mouse visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro La Chioma ◽  
Tobias Bonhoeffer ◽  
Mark Hübener
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Natural Image Statistics ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

SummaryBinocular disparity, the difference between left and right eye images, is a powerful cue for depth perception. Many neurons in the visual cortex of higher mammals are sensitive to binocular disparity, with distinct disparity tuning properties across primary and higher visual areas. Mouse primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown to contain disparity-tuned neurons, but it is unknown how these signals are processed beyond V1. We find that disparity signals are prominent in higher areas of mouse visual cortex. Preferred disparities markedly differ among visual areas, with area RL encoding visual stimuli very close to the mouse. Moreover, disparity preference is systematically related to visual field elevation, such that neurons with receptive fields in the lower visual field are overall tuned to near disparities, likely reflecting an adaptation to natural image statistics. Our results reveal ecologically relevant areal specializations for binocular disparity processing across mouse visual cortex.

scholarly journals Inseparable color and form in mouse visual cortex described by random pooling from rods and cones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issac Rhim ◽  
Ian Nauhaus
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Brightness Contrast ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Minimal Constraints

An image projected onto the retina is composed of local contrasts in color and brightness, both of which can aid in any visual perception task. Recent investigations of the mouse ventral retina demonstrate that rod and cone responses are combined to detect changes between UV and green light, thus providing a new model for color vision. An important question is how the spatial representations of both color and brightness contrast are transformed by downstream circuits. Its known that SF tuning of brightness contrast is sharpened at the level of mouse primary visual cortex, yet color contrast is untested. Here, we presented sinewave gratings that drive one of four axes of rod and cone contrast space, including brightness contrast (rod+cone) and color contrast (rod-cone). We find that V1 neurons are tuned to higher spatial frequencies of brightness contrast than color contrast, and are most responsive to color at the lowest spatial frequencies. These results are consistent with a model of single-opponency between rods and cones, but do not match its classic description. The data can instead be described by a simple model of convergent ON and OFF inputs to V1, which randomly pool discrete quantities of each photoreceptor class. Unlike classic depictions of single-opponency, this model requires minimal constraints on the circuit, accounts for our observed bandpass spatial frequency tuning of rod and cone isolating contrast, and is consistent with recent studies showing unselective pooling from photoreceptors in the retina.

scholarly journals Stable 3D Head Direction Signals in the Primary Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigori Guitchounts ◽  
William Lotter ◽  
Joel Dapello ◽  
David Cox
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Head Direction ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Direction Information

AbstractThe mammalian brain’s navigation system is informed in large part by visual signals. While the primary visual cortex (V1) is extensively interconnected with brain areas involved in computing head direction (HD) information, it is unknown to what extent navigation information is available in the population activity of visual cortex. To test whether information about head direction information is available in visual cortex, we recorded neuronal activity in V1 of freely behaving rats. We show that significant information about yaw, roll, and pitch of the head can be linearly decoded from V1 either in the presence or absence of visual cues. Individual V1 neurons were tuned to head direction, with a quarter of the neurons tuned to conjunctions of angles in all three planes. These results demonstrate the presence of a critical navigational signal in a primary cortical sensory area and support predictive coding theories of brain function.

scholarly journals Sensory prediction errors increase coding efficiency in mouse visual cortex through gain amplification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F Tang ◽  
Ehsan Kheradpezhouh ◽  
Conrad CY Lee ◽  
J Edwin Dickinson ◽  
Jason B Mattingley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Coding Efficiency ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Prediction

The efficiency of sensory coding is affected both by past events (adaptation) and by expectation of future events (prediction). Here we employed a novel visual stimulus paradigm to determine whether expectation influences orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. We used two-photon calcium imaging (GCaMP6f) in awake mice viewing visual stimuli with different levels of predictability. The stimuli consisted of sequences of grating stimuli that randomly shifted in orientation or systematically rotated with occasionally unexpected rotations. At the single neuron and population level, there was significantly enhanced orientation-selective response to unexpected visual stimuli through a boost in gain, which was prominent in awake mice but also present to a lesser extent under anesthesia. We implemented a computational model to demonstrate how neuronal responses were best characterized when adaptation and expectation parameters were combined. Our results demonstrated that adaptation and prediction have unique signatures on activity of V1 neurons.

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