scholarly journals A corollary discharge mediates saccade related inhibition of single units in mnemonic structures of the human brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaim N Katz ◽  
Andrea G.P. Schjetnan ◽  
Kramay V Patel ◽  
Victoria Barkley ◽  
Kari L Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Saccade Direction ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Inhibitory Circuit

Despite the critical link between visual exploration and memory, little is known about how single-unit activity (SUA) in the human mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is modulated by saccadic eye movements (SEMs). Here we characterize SEM associated SUA modulations, unit-by-unit, and contrast them to image onset, and to occipital lobe SUA. We reveal evidence for a corollary discharge (CD)-like modulatory signal that accompanies SEMs, inhibiting/exciting a unique population of broad/narrow spiking units, respectively, before and during SEMs, and with directional selectivity. These findings comport well with the timing, directional nature, and inhibitory circuit implementation of a CD. Additionally, by linking SUA to event-related potentials (ERPs), which are directionally modulated following SEMs, we recontextualize the ERP associated with SEM as a proxy for both the strength of inhibition and saccade direction, providing a mechanistic underpinning for the more commonly recorded SEM-related ERP in the human brain.

NEUROMARKERS OF ANXIETY IN A PATIENT WHO HAD EXPERIENCED A TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA) OF THE LEFT BRAIN HEMISPHERE AS A RESULT OF A CRITICAL STENOSIS OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY (ICA) OPERATED ON BY ENDARTERECTOMY (CEA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ewa Wilczek-Rużyczka ◽  
Andrzej Mirski ◽  
Maciej Korab ◽  
Mariusz Trystuła
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Critical Stenosis ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Ischemic Attack

The search for neuromarkers is a very promising way to improve psychiatric and psychological care. They are now considered to be an innovative diagnostic tool in psychiatry and neuropsychology, but more broadly in all human health sciences. The aim of our study was to find the neuromarker of anxiety in a patient who had experienced a Transient IschemicAttack (TIA) of the left brain hemisphere as a result of a critical stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) operated on byendarterectomy (CEA). We will present the case of a 54-year-old man,an architect, who experienced a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) of the left brain hemispherecaused by a critical stenosis of theInternal Carotid Artery (ICA) and was treated successfully with surgical endarterectomy (CEA). One year after the surgery itself, the patient developed severe postoperative anxiety, headaches, difficulty in sleepingas well as the inability to continue working in his profession. Strong anxiety was notedon the adapted 100-millimeter Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale (VAAS). The patient was assessed using the Human Brain Index (HBI) methodology (Kropotov 2009; 2016; 2017; Pąchalska, Kaczmarek&Kropotov 2014) which consisted of recording 19-channel EEG in resting state conditions, during the cued GO/NOGO task and comparing the parameters of EEG spectra and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) with the normative and patient databases of the Human Brain Index(HBI). No signs of cognitive dysfunction was found, however an excessive Rolandic beta was observed. In line with the working hypothesis as to the presence of an anxiety neuromarker, the patient’s studies confirmed an increased P1 time wave in the left hemisphere of the brain in ERP in response to visual stimuli, i.e. an anxiety neuromarker. Following the detection of this neuromarkera specific anodic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulations (tDCS) protocol was proposed (see: Kropotov 2016; Pąchalska, Kaczmarek & Kropotov 2020). Ten tDCS sessions were performed and the postoperativeanxiety was found to be resolved. The patient returned to work. The use of Human Brain Index (HBI) methodologyenabling the isolation of the Event Related Potentials (ERPs) patterns revealed the presence of a distinct anxietyneuromarker. Neurotherapy with the use of tDCS allowed the reduction of anxiety symptoms and the patient’s return to work. The above case study indicates the necessity to use new neurotechnologies in the diagnosis of mental diseases, with particular emphasis on postoperative anxiety.

Do event-related potentials reveal the mechanism of the auditory sensory memory in the human brain?

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Näätänen ◽  
Petri Paavilainen ◽  
Kimmo Alho ◽  
Kalevi Reinikainen ◽  
Mikko Sams
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Auditory Sensory Memory ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Hierarchical Classification of Event-Related Potentials for the Recognition of Gender Differences in the Attention Task

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Karina Maciejewska ◽  
Wojciech Froelich
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Signal

Research on the functioning of human cognition has been a crucial problem studied for years. Electroencephalography (EEG) classification methods may serve as a precious tool for understanding the temporal dynamics of human brain activity, and the purpose of such an approach is to increase the statistical power of the differences between conditions that are too weak to be detected using standard EEG methods. Following that line of research, in this paper, we focus on recognizing gender differences in the functioning of the human brain in the attention task. For that purpose, we gathered, analyzed, and finally classified event-related potentials (ERPs). We propose a hierarchical approach, in which the electrophysiological signal preprocessing is combined with the classification method, enriched with a segmentation step, which creates a full line of electrophysiological signal classification during an attention task. This approach allowed us to detect differences between men and women in the P3 waveform, an ERP component related to attention, which were not observed using standard ERP analysis. The results provide evidence for the high effectiveness of the proposed method, which outperformed a traditional statistical analysis approach. This is a step towards understanding neuronal differences between men’s and women’s brains during cognition, aiming to reduce the misdiagnosis and adverse side effects in underrepresented women groups in health and biomedical research.

Topographic Imaging of Event-related Potentials in Human Brain

1989 ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Geffen ◽  
C. R. Clark ◽  
M. J. Wright ◽  
J. M. Tizard ◽  
J. Altree-Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Topographic Imaging

The Neural Correlates of Intending Not to Do Something

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1913-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Wim Gevers ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference

There has been plenty of research concerning the representation of voluntary action in the human brain. However, the question of how we represent the voluntary omission of an action has been largely neglected. Therefore this study aimed at investigating the representation of intentionally not doing something by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Free-choice nonactions elicit similar evoked potentials as free-choice actions and instructed actions (augmented P2 and attenuated N2), which leads us to assume that the voluntary intention, not the overt nonaction, is the characteristic feature of free-choice nonaction. Beyond that we reveal differences between free-choice nonactions and instructed nonactions that resemble the typical N2 and P3 augmentation usually seen for NoGo trials in Go/NoGo paradigms, with the difference that the free-choice nonaction ERP takes the place of the typical Go ERP.

Binaural interaction in the human brain can be non-invasively accessed with long-latency event-related potentials

1997 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Lavikainen ◽  
Hannu Tiitinen ◽  
Patrick May ◽  
Risto Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Binaural Interaction ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Related Potentials
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document