scholarly journals Slow oscillations provide the spatio-temporal framework for long-range neural communication during sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Niknazar ◽  
Sara Mednick ◽  
Paola Malerba
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Causal Information ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Memory Improvement

Slow oscillations (SOs, <1Hz) during non-rapid eye movement sleep are thought to reflect sleep homeostasis and support memory consolidation. Yet, the fundamental properties of SOs and their impact on neural network communication are not understood. We used effective connectivity to estimate causal information flow across the electrode manifold during SOs and found two peak of information flow in specific phases of the SO. We show causal communication during non-rapid eye movement sleep peaks during specific phases of the SO, but only across long distances. We confirmed this prediction by cluster analysis demonstrating greater flow in global, compared with local, SOs. Finally, we tested the functional significance of these results by examining which SO properties supported overnight episodic memory improvement, with the underlying assumption that memory consolidation would engage global, long-range communication. Indeed, episodic memory improvement was predicted only by the SO properties with greatest causal information flow, i.e., longest distances between sinks and sources and global, but not local, SOs. These findings explain how NREM sleep (characterized as a state of low brain connectivity) leverages SO-induced selective information flow to coordinate a wide network of brain regions during memory formation.

scholarly journals Grouping of Spindle Activity during Slow Oscillations in Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 10941-10947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mölle ◽  
Lisa Marshall ◽  
Steffen Gais ◽  
Jan Born
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Spindle Activity

scholarly journals Dreaming with hippocampal damage

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goffredina Spanò ◽  
Gloria Pizzamiglio ◽  
Cornelia McCormick ◽  
Ian A Clark ◽  
Sara De Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Dependent Processes

The hippocampus is linked with both sleep and memory, but there is debate about whether a salient aspect of sleep – dreaming – requires its input. To address this question, we investigated if human patients with focal bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia engaged in dreaming. We employed a provoked awakening protocol where participants were woken up at various points throughout the night, including during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep, to report their thoughts in that moment. Despite being roused a similar number of times, dream frequency was reduced in the patients compared to control participants, and the few dreams they reported were less episodic-like in nature and lacked content. These results suggest that hippocampal integrity may be necessary for typical dreaming to occur, and aligns dreaming with other hippocampal-dependent processes such as episodic memory that are central to supporting our mental life.

scholarly journals Rapid eye movement sleep mediates age-related decline in prospective memory consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Scullin ◽  
Chenlu Gao ◽  
Paul Fillmore ◽  
R Lynae Roberts ◽  
Natalya Pruett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Age Related

The method of loci (MoL) and memory consolidation: Dreaming is not MoL-like

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Method Of Loci

AbstractCertain method of loci (MoL) prerequisites – familiar, coherently ordered locations – should appear during dreaming if the latter is, in fact, elaborative memory encoding as hypothesized by Llewellyn. A review of the literature suggests that dreamed locations are neither familiar nor coherently ordered and thus unsuitable for facilitating memory in this sense. This conclusion converges with other evidence that episodic memory is dependent upon non–rapid eye movement (NREM), rather than REM, sleep.

scholarly journals Sleep’s impact on emotional memory: A meta-analysis of whole-night, nap, and REM sleep effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Schäfer ◽  
Benedikt E. Wirth ◽  
Marlene Staginnus ◽  
Nicolas Becker ◽  
Tanja Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Neutral Material

SummaryNumerous studies have shown that sleep enhances the consolidation of episodic memory. However, it remains unclear whether this consolidation benefit is moderated by the emotional valence of the learned material. To clarify whether sleep selectively enhances the consolidation of emotional material, we conducted a meta-analysis including N = 1,059 observations. Overall, our results do not support this hypothesis. When only studies with a sleep-group wake-group comparison were included in the analysis (k = 22), the retention advantage for emotional over neutral material was not significantly different between sleep and wake groups. When studies initially lacking a wake-control group were included in the analysis after statistical estimation of wake-group parameters, the retention advantage for emotional material was significantly larger in wake-groups than in sleep-groups (k = 34). Interestingly, however, an additional analysis of k = 8 studies investigating the selective effects of rapid-eye-movement sleep and slow-wave sleep on emotional memory consolidation provided evidence for a selective enhancement of emotional over neutral memory consolidation after rapid-eye-movement sleep compared to slow-wave sleep. These results suggest that sleep does not generally enhance emotional memory consolidation over neutral memory consolidation. However, specific sleep stages might preferentially enhance consolidation of emotional and neutral material, respectively.

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