scholarly journals Moran Process Version of the Tug-of-War Model: Complex Behavior Revealed by Mathematical Analysis and Simulation Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kimmel ◽  
Adam Bobrowski ◽  
Monika Klara Kurpas ◽  
Elżbieta Ratajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Semigroup Theory ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Moran Process ◽  
Fixation Effect ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Slightly Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Drift Limit ◽  
Passenger Mutations

In a series of publications McFarland and co-authors introduced the tug-of-warmodel of evolution of cancer cell populations. The model is explaining the joint effect ofrare advantageous and frequent slightly deleterious mutations, which may be identifiable withdriver and passenger mutations in cancer. In this paper, we put the Tug-of-War model inthe framework of a denumerable-type Moran process and use mathematics and simulationsto understand its behavior. The model is associated with a time-continuous Markov Chain(MC), with a generator that can be split into a sum of the drift and selection process partand of the mutation process part. Operator semigroup theory is then employed to prove thatthe MC does not explode, as well as to characterize a strong-drift limit version of the MCwhich displays instant fixation effect, which was an assumption in the original McFarlandsmodel. Mathematical results are fully confirmed by simulations of the complete and limitversions. They also visualize complex stochastic transients and genealogies of clones arising inthe model.

A comparison of the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UK-CAT) with a traditional admission selection process

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Fernando ◽  
Gordon Prescott ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Kathryn Greaves ◽  
Hamish McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
The United Kingdom

Benefits from Computerized Adaptive Testing as Seen in Simulation Studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz F. Hornke
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Adaptive Testing ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Test ◽  
Item Banks ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
General Reliability

Summary: Item parameters for several hundreds of items were estimated based on empirical data from several thousands of subjects. The logistic one-parameter (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) model estimates were evaluated. However, model fit showed that only a subset of items complied sufficiently, so that the remaining ones were assembled in well-fitting item banks. In several simulation studies 5000 simulated responses were generated in accordance with a computerized adaptive test procedure along with person parameters. A general reliability of .80 or a standard error of measurement of .44 was used as a stopping rule to end CAT testing. We also recorded how often each item was used by all simulees. Person-parameter estimates based on CAT correlated higher than .90 with true values simulated. For all 1PL fitting item banks most simulees used more than 20 items but less than 30 items to reach the pre-set level of measurement error. However, testing based on item banks that complied to the 2PL revealed that, on average, only 10 items were sufficient to end testing at the same measurement error level. Both clearly demonstrate the precision and economy of computerized adaptive testing. Empirical evaluations from everyday uses will show whether these trends will hold up in practice. If so, CAT will become possible and reasonable with some 150 well-calibrated 2PL items.

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

Investigating the Unified Motive Scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Martin Bettschart ◽  
Marcel Herrmann ◽  
Benjamin M. Wolf ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Longitudinal Field ◽  
Explicit Motives ◽  
Achievement Motive

Abstract. Explicit motives are well-studied in the field of personality and motivation psychology. However, the statistical overlap of different explicit motive measures is only moderate. As a consequence, the Unified Motive Scales (UMS; Schönbrodt & Gerstenberg, 2012 ) were developed to improve the measurement of explicit motives. The present longitudinal field study examined the predictive validity of the UMS achievement motive subscale. Applicants of a police department ( n = 168, Mage = 25.11, 53 females and 115 males) completed the UMS and their performance in the selection process was assessed. As expected, UMS achievement predicted success in the selection process. The findings provide first evidence for the predictive validity of UMS achievement in an applied setting.

Does It Matter How I Say It?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Ann Chunyan Peng ◽  
Linn Van Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Low Levels

We conducted an experiment to examine the effect of how subordinates present ideas (constructive vs. complaining form) on supervisor (receiver) responses (perceptions of subordinate intrusiveness and of overall performance). We demonstrated a joint effect of subordinate idea presentation (manipulated) and supervisor dogmatism (measured) such that supervisors with high levels of dogmatism rated subordinates who presented voice constructively as more intrusive and lower in performance than those with low dogmatism. Supervisor perspective taking mediated these relationships. Our findings highlight the importance of presenting ideas in a constructive form to receivers with low levels of dogmatism.

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