scholarly journals Familiarity and Face-Inversion Effect in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) during the Preferential Looking Task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Front View ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

AbstractFour young laboratory-born Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) looked at the photographs of familiar and unfamiliar persons presented at upright and inverted orientations by pressing the lever under the conjugate schedule of sensory reinforcement (successive preferential looking procedure). Three types of photographs were prepared: photographs with persons taken in front view, those taken in back, and those without persons. The monkeys looked longer when the face was upright than inverted only for the pictures containing unfamiliar person with front view. The other types of photographs did not cause inversion effect. Familiarity weakened the face-specific inversion effect in monkeys. This difference may be due to in part the lower preference for familiar faces and the difference in processing mode between familiar and unfamiliar faces.

scholarly journals Inverted Face with Upright Body: Evidence for Face Inversion Effect in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) under the Preferential Looking Procedure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Inverted Orientation ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
Inverted Face

AbstractYoung Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) looked at the photographs that contained faces of the two species of macaques (M. fuscata and M. mulatta) for longer time when they were presented at upright orientation than inverted orientation, and that species discrimination was deteriorated when the photographs were presented at inverted orientation [16]. The present experiment further explored the factor affecting the inversion effect observed in the previous experiments. Five young laboratory-born Japanese macaques looked at the photographs by pressing the lever under the conjugate schedule of sensory reinforcement, that is, successive preferential looking procedure. Photographs of macaques were scrambled and made up two types of the bizarre photographs: upright face with upright body (orientation consistent) and inverted face with upright body (orientation inconsistent). These two types of photographs were presented at upright and inverted orientations. The monkeys looked longer when the face was upright than inverted. Orientation of body and background had no effect on looking time duration. The present results strongly suggest that inversion effect found in macaques is face-specific.

Configural Processing Hypothesis and Face-Inversion Effect

2010 ◽  
pp. 316-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam S. Rakover ◽  
Sam S. Rakover
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
Geometrical Illusions ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

Perception and recognition of faces presented upright are better than Perception and recognition of faces presented inverted. The difference between upright and inverted orientations is greater in face recognition than in non-face object recognition. This Face-Inversion Effect is explained by the “Configural Processing” hypothesis that inversion disrupts configural information processing and leaves the featural information intact. The present chapter discusses two important findings that cast doubt on this hypothesis: inversion impairs recognition of isolated features (hair & forehead, and eyes), and certain facial configural information is not affected by inversion. The chapter focuses mainly on the latter finding, which reveals a new type of facial configural information, the “Eye-Illusion”, which is based on certain geometrical illusions. The Eye-Illusion tended to resist inversion in experimental tasks of both perception and recognition. It resisted inversion also when its magnitude was reduced. Similar results were obtained with “Headlight-Illusion” produced on a car‘s front, and with “Form-Illusion” produced in geometrical forms. However, the Eye-Illusion was greater than the Headlight-Illusion, which in turn was greater than the Form-Illusion. These findings were explained by the “General Visual-Mechanism” hypothesis in terms of levels of visual information learning. The chapter proposes that a face is composed of various kinds of configural information that are differently impaired by inversion: from no effect (the Eye-Illusion) to a large effect (the Face-Inversion Effect).

Face Inversion Effect Emerges Under Critical Configural Discrepancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisien Yang ◽  
Adrian Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

Configural processing has been considered the major contributor to the face inversion effect (FIE) in face recognition. However, most researchers have only obtained the FIE with one specific ratio of configural alteration. It remains unclear whether the ratio of configural alteration itself can mediate the occurrence of the FIE. We aimed to clarify this issue by manipulating the configural information parametrically using six different ratios, ranging from 4% to 24%. Participants were asked to judge whether a pair of faces were entirely identical or different. The paired faces that were to be compared were presented either simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2). Both experiments revealed that the FIE was observed only when the ratio of configural alteration was in the intermediate range. These results indicate that even though the FIE has been frequently adopted as an index to examine the underlying mechanism of face processing, the emergence of the FIE is not robust with any configural alteration but dependent on the ratio of configural alteration.

scholarly journals Reversal of the face-inversion effect in N170 under unconscious visual processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Suzuki ◽  
Yasuki Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

Processing style and person recognition: Exploring the face inversion effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Martin ◽  
C. Neil Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Processing Style ◽  
Person Recognition ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to investigate why faces are and are not special

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Civile ◽  
Samantha Quaglia ◽  
Emika Waguri ◽  
Maddy Ward ◽  
Rossy McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Face

AbstractWe believe we are now in a position to answer the question, "Are faces special?" inasmuch as this applies to the face inversion effect (better performance for upright vs inverted faces). Using a double-blind, between-subject design, in two experiments (n = 96) we applied a specific tDCS procedure targeting the Fp3 area while participants performed a matching-task with faces (Experiment 1a) or checkerboards from a familiar prototype-defined category (Experiment 1b). Anodal tDCS eliminated the checkerboard inversion effect reliably obtained in the sham group, but only reduced it for faces (although the reduction was significant). Thus, there is a component to the face inversion effect that we are not affecting with a tDCS procedure that can eliminate the checkerboard inversion effect. We suggest that the reduction reflects the loss of an expertise-based component in the face inversion effect, and the residual is due to a face-specific component of that effect.

scholarly journals The time course of the face inversion effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 619-619
Author(s):  
C. Jacques ◽  
B. Rossion
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals The effect of tDCS on recognition depends on stimulus generalization: Neuro-stimulation can predictably enhance or reduce the face inversion effect.

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Ciro Civile ◽  
Anna Cooke ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Rossy McLaren ◽  
Heike Elchlepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face
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