scholarly journals The Cadherin Superfamily in Neural Circuit Assembly

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. a029306 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Jontes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Cadherin Superfamily ◽  
Circuit Assembly

scholarly journals Neural Circuit Assembly: Economically Wired by a Single Cadherin

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. R555-R557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kaschula ◽  
Iris Salecker
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Circuit Assembly

Writing, Reading, and Translating the Clustered Protocadherin Cell Surface Recognition Code for Neural Circuit Assembly

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mountoufaris ◽  
Daniele Canzio ◽  
Chiamaka L. Nwakeze ◽  
Weisheng V. Chen ◽  
Tom Maniatis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Surface Code ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Circuit Assembly

The ability of neurites of individual neurons to distinguish between themselves and neurites from other neurons and to avoid self (self-avoidance) plays a key role in neural circuit assembly in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Similarly, when individual neurons of the same type project into receptive fields of the brain, they must avoid each other to maximize target coverage (tiling). Counterintuitively, these processes are driven by highly specific homophilic interactions between cell surface proteins that lead to neurite repulsion rather than adhesion. Among these proteins in vertebrates are the clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), and key to their function is the generation of enormous cell surface structural diversity. Here we review recent advances in understanding how a Pcdh cell surface code is generated by stochastic promoter choice; how this code is amplified and read by homophilic interactions between Pcdh complexes at the surface of neurons; and, finally, how the Pcdh code is translated to cellular function, which mediates self-avoidance and tiling and thus plays a central role in the development of complex neural circuits. Not surprisingly, Pcdh mutations that diminish homophilic interactions lead to wiring defects and abnormal behavior in mice, and sequence variants in the Pcdh gene cluster are associated with autism spectrum disorders in family-based genetic studies in humans.

scholarly journals New Optical Tools to Study Neural Circuit Assembly in the Retina

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Giselle Rangel Olguin ◽  
Pierre-Luc Rochon ◽  
Arjun Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Optical Tools ◽  
Circuit Assembly

Wnt Signaling in Neural Circuit Assembly

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Salinas ◽  
Yimin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Circuit Assembly

scholarly journals Functional divergence of Plexin B structural motifs in distinct steps ofDrosophilaolfactory circuit assembly

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Guajardo ◽  
David J Luginbuhl ◽  
Shuo Han ◽  
Liqun Luo ◽  
Jiefu Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Sema Domain ◽  
Stepwise Assembly ◽  
Circuit Assembly

AbstractPlexins exhibit multitudinous, evolutionarily conserved functions in the development of nervous systems. However, how Plexins employ their diverse structural motifsin vivoto perform distinct roles in the stepwise assembly of neural circuits is unclear. Here, we systematically mutagenized structural motifs ofDrosophilaPlexin B (PlexB) and examined the function of these variants at multiple PlexB-mediated neurodevelopmental processes in olfactory receptor neurons: axon fasciculation, trajectory choice, and synaptic partner selection. We found that the extracellular Sema domain is essential for all three processes, the catalytic site of the intracellular RapGAP is engaged in none, and the intracellular GTPase-binding motifs are essential for trajectory choice and synaptic partner selection, but are dispensable for fasciculation. Moreover, extracellular PlexB cleavage serves as a regulatory mechanism of PlexB signaling. Thus, PlexB structural motifs have divergent roles in distinct steps of neural development, altogether contributing to the functional versatility of PlexB in neural circuit assembly.

scholarly journals Trans-synaptic Fish-lips Signaling Prevents Misconnections between Non-synaptic Partner Olfactory Neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijing Xie ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Jiefu Li ◽  
Hongjie Li ◽  
David J Luginbuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neuron ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Circuit Assembly

AbstractOur understanding of the mechanisms of neural circuit assembly is far from complete. Identification of new wiring molecules with novel mechanisms of action will provide new insights into how complex and heterogeneous neural circuits assemble during development. Here, we performed an RNAi screen for cell-surface molecules and identified the leucine-rich-repeat containing transmembrane protein, Fish-lips (Fili), as a novel wiring molecule in the assembly of the Drosophila olfactory circuit. Fili contributes to the precise targeting of both olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axons as well as projection neuron (PN) dendrites. Cell-type-specific expression and genetic analyses suggest that Fili sends a trans-synaptic repulsive signal to neurites of non-partner classes that prevent their targeting to inappropriate glomeruli in the antennal lobe.Significance StatementIn the fruit fly olfactory system, 50 classes of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) make precise synaptic connections with 50 classes of corresponding projection neurons (PNs). Identification of wiring molecules in this circuit can provide insight into understanding neural circuit assembly. This paper reports the role of a transmembrane protein, Fish-lips (Fili), in forming specific connections in this circuit. We found that some ORN axons are repelled by Fili, which is present on dendrites of non-matching PN class, preventing them from targeting inappropriate glomeruli. Similarly, some PN dendrites are repelled by Fili expressed by non-matching ORN class for their correct targeting. Together, these results suggest that Fili mediates repulsion between axons and dendrites of non-synaptic partners to ensure precise wiring patterns.

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