Surface-Impedance Anomalies at Perpendicular-Field Cyclotron Resonance in the Anomalous-Skin-Effect Regime

1969 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Baraff
1976 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kuka ◽  
W. Braune ◽  
R. Herrmann

The measurements described in the earlier papers of this series have been extended to 9400 Mc. /sec., a resonance technique being employed to determine the surface resistance of normal and superconducting tin, and the difference between the surface reactances of the material in the two states. Measurements on single crystals of different orientations have brought to light a marked anisotropy of all these quantities, of a kind which shows clearly the non-tensorial nature of the fundamental equations relating the field vectors. The prediction of the theory of the anomalous skin effect in normal metals, that the surface resistance should vary with frequency as ω ⅔ , is confirmed. The temperature variation of the resistance and reactance of superconducting tin has been studied in detail for a number of specimens of different orientations, and it has been found that over certain ranges of temperature the shapes of corresponding curves for different specimens are similar, apart from scaling factors depending on the orientation; the values of these scaling factors are used to characterize the surface impedance of each orientation.


The theory of the anomalous skin effect in metals is extended to a uniaxial metal crystal containing two energy bands in each of which the energy surfaces are ellipsoids of revolution about the crystal axis. Explicit formulae are obtained, for the extreme anomalous limit, giving the dependence of the surface impedance on the orientation of the crystal axis, both for a plane metal surface and for a circular wire. The form of the anisotropy of the surface impedance is found to depend upon the axial ratios of the spheroidal energy surfaces and upon the ratio of the electron free paths in the two bands. Wide variations in behaviour are possible, and the surface impedance may show a high degree of anisotropy even when the d.c. conductivity is almost isotropic (as with tin at low temperatures). The results are evaluated numerically for tin, and the surface conductivity of a circular wire is found to show the minimum observed by Pippard (1950); the parameters can be chosen to give reasonable agreement with Pippard’s results.


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