Study of Quantization of Space-Time Explains Matter and Its Aspects

By quantizing space-time in such a way that I can calculate all of the constants of physics and derive and explain every equation therein. The magnetic field appears when the electric field seems to travel faster than c. The same way an “anti-gravity” perpendicular field appears, totally depended on relative velocities, since the electric and gravitational forces are made of the micro field lines and are different aspects of the same force [1]. The “gravitational” perpendicular force can be repellant, when masses travel in the same direction, (massive distant galaxies repel enlarging the universe, new current mass just being released) and it can be attractive (opposite spiral arms moving in opposite directions, combined with a super-massive black hole). The recent detection of gravity waves, is clear evidence for all of this since these waves need a perpendicular field, like electro-magnetic waves. The magnetic style of the perpendicular field, at extremely high can cause matter and dark to interact

Nanocavity-Mediated Fast Magnetic Vortex Core In-Situ Switching by Local Magnetic Field

Fast in situ switching of magnetic vortex core in a ferromagnetic nanodisk assisted by a nanocavity, with diameter comparable to the dimension of a vortex core, is systematically investigated by changing the strength as well as the diameter of the effective circular region of the applied magnetic field. By applying a local magnetic field within a small area at the nanodisk center, fast switching time of about 35 ps is achieved with relatively low field strength (70 mT) which is beneficial for fast data reading and writing. The reason for this phenomenon is that the magnetic spins around the nanocavity is aligned along the cavity wall due to the shape anisotropy when the perpendicular field is applied, which deepens the dip around the vortex core, and thus facilitates the vortex core switching.

Dynamic resistance of a high-T c coated conductor wire in a perpendicular magnetic field at 77 K

Superconducting high-Tc coated conductor (CC) wires comprise a ceramic thin film with a large aspect ratio. This geometry can lead to significant dissipative losses when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Here we report experimental measurements of the 'dynamic resistance' of commercially available SuperPower and Fujikura CC wires in an AC perpendicular field. The onset of dynamic resistance occurs at a threshold field amplitude, which is determined by the total DC transport current and the penetration field of the conductor. We show that the field-dependence of the normalised magnetisation loss provides an unambiguous value for this threshold field at zero transport current. From this insight we then obtain an expression for the dynamic resistance in perpendicular field. This approach implies a linear relationship between dynamic resistance and applied field amplitude, and also between threshold field and transport current and this is consistent with our experimental data. The analytical expression obtained yields values that closely agree with measurements obtained across a wide range of frequencies and transport currents, and for multiple CC wires produced by different wire manufacturers and with significantly differing dimensions and critical currents. We further show that at high transport currents, the measured DC resistance includes an additional nonlinear term which is due to flux-flow resistance incurred by the DC transport current. This occurs once the field-dependent critical current of the wire falls below the DC transport current for part of each field cycle. Our results provide an effective and simple approach to calculating the dynamic resistance of a CC wire, at current and field magnitudes consistent with those expected in superconducting machines. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in 'Superconductor Science and Technology'. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa54e5.

Dynamic resistance of a high-T c coated conductor wire in a perpendicular magnetic field at 77 K

Superconducting high-Tc coated conductor (CC) wires comprise a ceramic thin film with a large aspect ratio. This geometry can lead to significant dissipative losses when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Here we report experimental measurements of the 'dynamic resistance' of commercially available SuperPower and Fujikura CC wires in an AC perpendicular field. The onset of dynamic resistance occurs at a threshold field amplitude, which is determined by the total DC transport current and the penetration field of the conductor. We show that the field-dependence of the normalised magnetisation loss provides an unambiguous value for this threshold field at zero transport current. From this insight we then obtain an expression for the dynamic resistance in perpendicular field. This approach implies a linear relationship between dynamic resistance and applied field amplitude, and also between threshold field and transport current and this is consistent with our experimental data. The analytical expression obtained yields values that closely agree with measurements obtained across a wide range of frequencies and transport currents, and for multiple CC wires produced by different wire manufacturers and with significantly differing dimensions and critical currents. We further show that at high transport currents, the measured DC resistance includes an additional nonlinear term which is due to flux-flow resistance incurred by the DC transport current. This occurs once the field-dependent critical current of the wire falls below the DC transport current for part of each field cycle. Our results provide an effective and simple approach to calculating the dynamic resistance of a CC wire, at current and field magnitudes consistent with those expected in superconducting machines. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in 'Superconductor Science and Technology'. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa54e5.

Numerical Model to Calculate Magnetization AC Losses for Superconducting Strip used for Current Transport Applications in Electric Aircrafts

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes are being proposed in the current transportation applications in electric aircrafts due to their capacities to carry large currents with low losses and higher efficiencies. Many systems are involved in the aircraft power distribution units and each component has its own magnetic field which may affect the working of surrounding systems. It has been found from many studies that perpendicular field has significant effect on the critical current of the HTS tape. In the present study, effort has been made to develop a numerical code through which magnetization AC losses due to external magnetic field are evaluated for YBCO superconductor. Calculated values are compared with Halse-Brandt model and it has been found that with the increase in the index value ‘n’, the results are approaching the Halse-Brandt model.

EXTH-37. A NOVEL TRANSDUCER ARRAY LAYOUT FOR DELIVERING TUMOR TREATING FIELDS TO THE SPINE

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are an antimitotic technology utilising electric fields to disrupt mitosis in cancer cells. TTFields are currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). TTFields are delivered through 2 pairs of transducer arrays placed on the patient’s skin. Each pair delivers TTFields in a single direction, and the pairs are placed to provide perpendicular field. Preclinical studies show that 1V/cm is the clinical threshold for the treatment to be effective. Some types of cancers send metastases to the spinal cord and CSF, i.e. leptomeningeal disease. The purpose of this study was to find transducer array layouts that deliver TTFields to the spine at therapeutic intensities of above 1 V/cm. Computational simulations testing the delivery of TTFields to the spine were performed using the Sim4Life 4.0 (ZMT Zurich) computational platform, and the Duke 3.1 and Ella 3.0 (ITI’S, Zurich) realistic computational models of a male and female respectively. “Standard” layouts in which a pair of arrays are placed on the front and back of the patient and second pair on the lateral aspects of the patient failed to deliver TTFields at therapeutic intensities to the spinal cord. This is probably because the spinal cord is surrounded by the CSF and spine, which shunt the electric fields from reaching the spinal cord. However, field intensities above 1 V/cm were observed when delivering TTFields when both arrays were placed on the patients back, with a first array placed close to the neck, and second array placed towards the thighs. In this case, the spinal cord and surrounding CSF act as a conductive cable, directing the electric field along the spine. This novel layout opens the possibility for treating cancerous disease along the spine.