scholarly journals Nonlinear dielectric relaxation and dynamic Kerr effect in a strong dc electric field suddenly switched on: Exact solutions for the three-dimensional rotational diffusion model

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 6462-6475 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Coffey ◽  
J. L. Déjardin ◽  
Yu. P. Kalmykov ◽  
S. V. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Rotational Diffusion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nonlinear Dielectric ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Nonlinear Dielectric Response of Relaxor PMN-PZT Ceramics under DC Electric Field

2004 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. GRIDNEV ◽  
A. A. GLAZUNOV ◽  
A. N. TSOTSORIN
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Nonlinear Dielectric ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Development of Three-Dimensional DC Electric Field Stimulation Bio-Reactor for Axonal Outgrowth Enhancement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Tanaka ◽  
Ryota Sakiyama ◽  
Koji Yamamoto ◽  
Yusuke Morita ◽  
Eiji Nakamachi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axonal Outgrowth ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Current Electric Field

Numerous studies of electrical stimulation effects on the nerve regeneration have been carried out. However, there were very few investigations which adopt the 3D culture that mimics the in vivo environment. In this study, we designed and fabricated a new 3D direct current electric field (DCEF) stimulation bio-reactor and investigated the effectiveness on the axonal outgrowth enhancement. We searched an optimum structure using the finite element (FE) analyses to obtain a uniform DCEF in the culture region. A measurement result of DCEF strength showed an agreement with FE results. The rat phenocromocytoma cells (PC12) were disseminated in the collagen gel and 3D culture was performed. We observed the morphologies of cell bodies and neurites using the multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscope (MPM). Both increases in 11.3% of mean axonal length and in 4.2% of axogenesis rate, under the condition of 5.0 mV/mm on 6 hours a day for 4 days, were obtained. Further, there was a tendency of longer connecting distance between cell bodies in the DCEF group than one in the Control group. As a result, we validated the efficacies of our stimulation, both for the axonal extension and the neural network generation, using our newly developed bio-reactor.

Three-Dimensional Electric Field Vector Measurements in Nitrobenzene Using Kerr Effect

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (Part 1, No. 4A) ◽  
pp. 2066-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Ihori ◽  
Sadahito Uto ◽  
Kimihiro Takechi ◽  
Kiyomitsu Arii
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Electric Field Vector
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