World Heritage Site as the place for education: the case of the Gango-ji Temple in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462
Author(s):  
Satohiro Serizawa ◽  
Soichiro Sunami

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate educational functions of the World Heritage Site by examining the case of cultural tourism in a Japanese Buddhist temple. Design/methodology/approach Japan accepted the World Heritage Convention in 1992. “Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara” were decided to be listed on the World Cultural Heritage in 1998. It was composed of buildings, monuments and related cultural landscape, including five Buddhist temples and one Shinto shrine. Among them, the Gango-ji, focused in this paper, is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Japan. Findings It has been keeping many cultural properties related to the folk religious practice and providing many activities for the local community. The material culture of folk-belief is now preserved in a building in the temple yard. And there is an exhibition room. The main hall and the exhibition room are the important facilities for social education, where the visitors can watch and touch the real materials. According to the staffs of the temple, the tourists had better stay in the main hall after 1 h study at the exhibition room. Originality/value Heritage is a process of the contemporary people engaging in the usage of past as resources. The buildings as the tangible heritage used by the present community are combined with the actions as the intangible heritage of the people who preserve the heritage. The temporal tourists are also permitted to enjoy the process as participants. They can learn many things through their experiences at the heritage site.

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Eman Hanye Mohamed Nasr

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the development of Omani heritage legislation against the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC), 1972 and WHC Operational Guidelines (WHC-OGs) to predict the possible effects of the recent developments on the management of the World Heritage Site in Oman.Design/methodology/approachThis study discusses the development of the heritage protection legislation in Sultanate of Oman since 1970; it analyses the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 against the recommendations of the UNESCO WHC as well as the requirements of the World Heritage Operational Guidelines. Moreover, the research investigates the possible effects of the recent heritage legislation developments on the management of Bahla Fort and Oasis in Oman, which is the first Omani World Heritage Site and the only site with special management regulations.FindingsThe paper outlines the effects of both the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 and the Special Management Regulations 81/2019 on the implementation of the Bahla Management Plan. Additionally, the research establishes how the customization of heritage legislation as a special heritage management regulation facilitates the implementation of national legislation to solve specific local problems.Originality/valueThe study establishes the significance of developing comprehensive legislation to protect and manage the rich Omani cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites in alignment with the WHC and the WHC-OGs.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithaya Arporn ◽  

This paper studied the management of three World Heritage sites in 3 countries of Southeast Asia : Malaysia, Laos, and Thailand. The results of this research show that a decentralized form of government in Southeast Asia provides opportunities for local communities to develop better participation in the World Heritage site management than the centralized forms of government. For local communities to contribute to the World Heritage philosophy, it is necessary to improve both the conceptual and practical aspects of the World Heritage Committee, Advisory organizations, and State Parties. They have to learn lessons and agree to work closely together. บทความนี้เลือกศึกษาการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกจำานวน 3 แหล่งในประเทศมาเลเซีย ลาว และไทย โดยใช้วิธีการ สำารวจเอกสาร ผลการศึกษาพบว่า รูปแบบของรัฐในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ที่กระจายอำานาจจะเปิดโอกาสให้ ชุมชนท้องถิ่นสามารถพัฒนาการมีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการแหล่งมรดกโลกได้ดีกว่ารูปแบบรัฐที่รวบอำานาจ การที่จะ ให้ชุมชนท้องถิ่นมีส่วนร่วมตามปรัชญาของมรดกโลกจึงจะต้องปรับปรุงทั้งในส่วนของกรอบคิดและการปฏิบัติทั้งใน ส่วนของคณะกรรมการมรดกโลก องค์กรที่ปรึกษา และรัฐภาคี โดยต้องสรุปบทเรียนและยอมรับร่วมกันอย่างใกล้ ชิด


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah ◽  
Mohd Raziff Jamaluddin ◽  
Agus Riyadi

PurposeThis study aims to explore the support and attitudes of the local community together with the benefits of living in the vicinity of George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site. George Town is one of the popular UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA total of 319 respondents residing in the gazetted area of George Town World Heritage Sites were interviewed. The covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsThe community's attitudes and personal benefits were identified to strongly influence community’s support towards the conservation and development of the World Heritage Sites in George Town. While a small number of community members acknowledged the significant opportunities through tourism, majority of them expected economic and non-economic benefits from the development of World Heritage Sites.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceived effects, benefits and future support of the World Heritage Sites from the local community's perspectives.Social implicationsUnderstanding the behaviour of the local community to create successful tourism planning, especially in delicate heritage destinations.Originality/valueThis study enriches the scarce empirical research study on community’s behaviour living in the vicinity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) region.


Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasrolahi ◽  
Jean-Michel Roux ◽  
Leila Ghasvarian Jahromi ◽  
Mahmoudreza Khalili

Local participation in the cultural heritage conservation has always been a concern since the Venice Charter (1964). It seems the assumption of the World Heritage Center, and particularly their State Parties, is that local people living in a nominated site are willing to inscribe their properties on the World Heritage List. This research examines the points of view of a local community living in the buffer zone of the Historic City of Yazd in five categories: Willingness, quality of life, decision-making, benefits, and awareness after the designation as World Heritage Site. The main hypotheses are that local people did not agree to inscribe their properties on the World Heritage List, and their quality of life has not changed after registering. The methodology is based on both qualitative and quantitative methods by interviewing 400 people of both genders and different ages. The results show that the majority of local people living in the buffer zone were not satisfied to be on the list. In addition, more than 80% mentioned that the quality of life did not change at all after the inscription. There was a misunderstanding about the role of national and international organizations in World Heritage management and conservation among the local community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
M. Kuleshova

The Russian estate is a characteristic phenomenon of Russian culture, which had a significant impact on the images of Russia and the formation of its cultural landscape. At the same time, this cultural phenomenon is not yet represented in the World Heritage List for Russia. The article reveals the main values of Leo Tolstoy’s estate Yasnaya Polyana, which are of universal importance; presents interconnectedness and interdependence of its natural and cultural characteristics. It is stated, that the territorial complex of Leo Tolstoy’s estate Yasnaya Polyana fully complies with the UNESCO criteria for assigning objects to the of World Heritage.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Roby Ardiwidjaja

Identitas bangsa Indonesia sekarang ini menghadapi masalah serius akibat pengaruh globalisasi yang membawa perubahan besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan berbangsa, oleh karena itu perlu upaya berkesinambungan dalam membangun dan memperkuat jati diri bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya dimulai dengan melindungi dan melestarikan keragaman nilai-nilai luhur tradisi beserta warisan budaya yang masih mencerminkan ciri khas Indonesia. Adanya kesadaran dunia tentang pentingnya pelestarian situs warisan budaya semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu, memberi peluang pentingnya pelaksanaan pelestarian guna memperkuat ketahanan budaya bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya pelestarian tersebut adalah dengan mengusulkan warisan budaya berupa situs, kompleks bangunan, dan lanskap budaya yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia dengan keunikannya masing-masing sebagai Warisan Dunia yang memiliki nilai universal. Situs Warisan Dunia adalah aset bangsa, maka setiap orang memiliki hak dan berkewajiban memahami, mengapresiasi, dan melestarikan nilai-nilai universal, nasional maupun lokal yang terkandung di dalamnya melalui mekanisme pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Kajian ini merupakan hasil dari desk research dengan analisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan pada studi pustaka dari referensi yang relevan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan positif dalam pengelolaan dan pemafaatan warisan budaya adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan pariwisata berkelanjutan melalui konsep pariwisata budaya. Pariwisata disini dimungkinkan menjadi alat untuk mengemas upaya pelestarian kawasan situs Warisan Dunia menjadi daya tarik wisata budaya. Kajian ini menghasilkan sejumlah rekomendasi yang dapat diterapkan dalam mengembangkan pariwisata berkelanjutan di kawasan situs Warisan Dunia. Today, the identity of Indonesian people faces a severe problem due to the influence of globalization, which brings significant changes in various aspects of national life; therefore, it required continuous efforts to build and strengthen the identity of the Indonesian people. We can start by protecting and preserving the diversity of the traditional noble values and cultural heritage that still reflect Indonesian characteristics. The awareness of the world about the importance of preserving cultural heritage sites is increasing over time, providing an opportunity for the importance of implementing conservation to strengthen the resilience of Indonesian culture. One of the conservation efforts is to propose cultural heritage in the form of site, building complex, and cultural landscape that spread in the territory of Indonesia with their uniqueness as World Heritage that has universal values. World Heritage site is a national asset, so everyone has the right and obligation to understand, appreciate, and preserve the universal, national, and local values contained in it through an integrated and sustainable management mechanism. This study was the result of desk research with the analysis using a qualitative descriptive method based on literature studies from relevant references. The results of this study indicate that a positive approach in the management and utilization of the world heritage is by using a sustainable tourism approach through the cultural tourism concept. Here, tourism might be a tool to package the conservation efforts of the world heritage site to become a cultural tourist attraction. This study produced some recommendations that can apply to develop sustainable tourism in the World Heritage site.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohayah Che Amat

This research presents the value of historic urban landscape (HUL) elements in influencing the character of George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS), Penang, Malaysia. The values were perceived by the local community of different social-cultural groups that occupied the study area. The historic urban landscape elements constitute towards the protection of its townscape. The identification of the heritage elements influenced by the community interaction with their environment. This study also helps to define the character of a place, as well as reflecting its historical significance. The study adopted four techniques to gather both qualitative and quantitative data, including questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, visual survey and content analysis. In general, the local community has the capability in valuing the historic urban landscape values. The outcomes of their perceptions became the statement of the historic urban landscape values, which are expected to lead to the development of the areas. The community evaluation and perception can be expanded in implementing any development of the historic urban area by the authority.


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