Country culture moderators of the relationship between gender and organizational commitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-410
Author(s):  
Mark F. Peterson ◽  
Aycan Kara ◽  
Abiola Fanimokun ◽  
Peter B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Modernities ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The present study consists of managers and professionals in 26 countries including seven from Central and Eastern Europe. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether culture dimensions predict country differences in the relationship between gender and organizational commitment. The study integrated theories of social learning, role adjustment and exchange that link commitment to organizational roles to explain such differences in gender effects. Findings indicate that an alternative modernities perspective on theories of gender and commitment is better warranted than is a traditional modernities perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the relationship between gender and organizational commitment using primary data collected in 26 counties. The cross-level moderating effects of individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, power distance and restraint vs indulgence was examined using hierarchical linear modeling. Findings Organizational commitment is found to be higher among men than women in four countries (Australia, China, Hungary, Jamaica) and higher among women than men in two countries (Bulgaria and Romania). Results shows that large power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity (social goal emphasis) and restraint (vs indulgence) predict an association between being female and commitment. These all suggest limitations to the traditional modernity-based understanding of gender and the workplace. Originality/value This study is unique based on the three theories it integrates and because it tests the proposed hypothesis using a multi-level nested research design. Moreover, the results suggest a tension between an alternative modernities perspective on top-down governmental effects on commitment through exchange and bottom-up personal effects on commitment through social learning with role adjustment in an intermediate position.

Examining the effect of functional diversity on organizational team innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Esinu Abiew ◽  
Eugene Okyere-Kwakye ◽  
Florence Yaa Akyia Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose Underpinned by the information processing theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between functional diversity and team innovation by examining the moderating role of some selected cultural dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity) in the relationship between functional diversity and innovation. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research method was used using a structured questionnaire as a tool to collect data from 251 respondents drawn from research institutions in Ghana. Data was analysed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. In addition, a structural equation model was used to conduct confirmatory factor analyses to examine whether the variables in the hypothesized model for the study captured distinct constructs that the variables were designed to measure. Findings The study revealed that functional diversity was positively related to team innovation. The study also found that functionally diverse groups are more innovative when they exhibit low uncertainty avoidance, femininity and low power distance. Practical implications These findings suggest that practices such as team communication, honesty, respect and trust would foster team unity and commitment, which would enable members to share diverse expertise towards the creation and execution of new ideas and improvement of productivity in the country. Originality/value The study examined the relationship between functional diversity and team innovation by examining the moderating role of some selected cultural dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity) in the relationship between functional diversity and innovation.

How perception of training impacts organizational citizenship behavior: power distance as moderator

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawaja Jehanzeb
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perception of training, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover, the study examines the moderating role of power distance on the relationship between perception of training and organizational commitment.Design/methodology/approachUsing stratified sampling technique, the data were obtained from 379 employees working at branches of public and private banks located in five metropolitan cities in Pakistan. To test the established hypotheses, structural equation modeling technique was adopted using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 21.0.FindingsThe findings stated a significant relationship between perception of training and organizational citizenship behavior, but there was no relationship found between perception of training and organizational commitment. Moreover, organizational commitment partly mediated the relationship between perception of training and organizational citizenship behavior. The results also described that power distance moderates the relationship between perception of training and organizational commitment.Practical implicationsThe results of the study can be beneficial for banking sector and strategy makers who have extended vision and anticipate organizational citizenship behavior from their employees. The study also offers the scope and space for the prospective researchers and scholars to carry out further research.Originality/valueThere is extensive literature available on the relationship between perception of training, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. However, it is observed that very few studies took the opportunity to examine the moderating role of power distance on the relationship between perception of training and organizational commitment, particularly in the context of Pakistan. Therefore, this study can be considered as original and have a great value in understanding the developed relationships in the scenario of Pakistan.

The effect of individual cultural values and phantasy on risky investment intention

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Aren ◽  
Hatice Nayman Hamamci
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Risky Investment ◽  
Investment Intentions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of conscious and unconscious processes on risky investment intention. In this framework, the effect of individual cultural values and phantasy on risky investment intentions was investigated. In addition, the mediating role of phantasy in the relationship between individual cultural values and risky investment intentions was also analyzed.Design/methodology/approachData were collected between May 14, 2020 and June 01, 2020, when our graduate students voluntarily shared the online survey link on their social networks. In this way, 1,934 people in total answered the questionnaire. To test the study model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using the AMOS program. In addition, ANOVA and independent sample t-test analyses were conducted using the SPSS program to analyze whether individual cultural values and risky investment intent differ according to demographic variables.FindingsAccording to the analysis results, power distance, collectivism, masculinity and long-term orientation are seen as antecedents of phantasy. While a positive relationship was found between power distance, collectivism and risky investment intention, a negative relationship was found between uncertainty avoidance and risky investment intention. Statistical findings regarding the mediating effect of phantasy on the relationship between individual cultural values and risky investment intentions were also determined. In addition to these, the differences in individual cultural values and risky investment intentions according to age, education level, sex and marital status were investigated. Individuals with the highest uncertainty avoidance level were in the 41–50 age group. Individuals with the highest long-term orientation level were individuals aged 41 and over. Individuals with the lowest risky investment intentions were in the +51 age group. Collectivism and power distance did not differ according to age. There were no differences in the relevant variables according to the level of education. Males have higher levels of risky investment intention, power distance, masculinity and collectivism than females, and married individuals have higher levels of uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and collectivism than singles.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the impact of conscious and unconscious processes on risky investment intentions together. On the other hand, the number of studies empirically investigating the relationship between phantasy and risky investment intention is quite limited, and the authors have also provided the findings for the existence of a relationship between these two variables.

Brand and firm values in distinct national cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Chowdhury ◽  
Wootae Chun ◽  
Sungchul Choi ◽  
Kurtis Friend
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Values ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe objective of this article is to investigate the moderating role of national cultures in the relationship between brand value and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis article examines the topic in the context of different national cultural attributes, including individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, power distance, and long-term orientation. We use brand values of the Financial Times Global 500 companies and national cultural values reported by Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz.FindingsResults exhibit that brands are more value-additive to companies in highly individualistic cultures. Furthermore, a valuable brand contributes more to firm value in countries with low uncertainty avoidance, high masculine, low power distance, and short-term oriented cultures.Originality/valueThe evidence suggests that while a valuable brand contributes to firm value, the level of its effect on firm value varies by national cultures.

Deal proneness and national culture: evidence from the USA, Thailand and Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Sharma ◽  
Satyendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Store Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeCulture is one of the critical variables in explaining consumer behavior and consumer response to external stimuli. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the relationship between deal proneness and culture. Specifically, this paper examines the relationship between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, namely, power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity and uncertainty avoidance, and deal proneness. Additionally, the role of store image as a moderator between culture and deal proneness is explored. Finally, the paper offers prescriptive and descriptive insights for marketers to consider cultural perspectives when promoting products internationally. A clear understanding of cultural influences on deal proneness will allow marketers to target specific customer segments more accurately.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from consumers in shopping malls in USA, Thailand, and Kenya. The authors analyzed the data using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe authors found that societies with a high femininity index are more likely to respond to deals than masculine societies. An inverse relationship between the Power Distance Index (PDI) and deal proneness may exist, suggesting that societies with a high PDI may be less deal prone. The authors found that individualism index is positively related to deal proneness, and thus societies with a low individualism index should be more deal prone. Finally, individuals in high uncertainty avoidance countries are expected to exhibit low deal prone tendencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study utilized a sample from cities. Consequently, future studies may attempt to validate the relationship posited in this study by utilizing non-urban data. Additionally, the authors look at stores in a mall. Thus, there is a possibility of interaction between mall image and store image. It may be useful to validate the findings of this study by using data from stand alone stores and also examine the interaction effect of mall image and store image on the deal proneness in a given culture.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that appropriate store selection for offering deals can possibly augment the effectiveness of deal-based promotions. Specifically, choice of store can alter the context, and thus the perception of the value proposition could increase, which in turn is likely to increase the acceptance of deal-based promotion.Originality/valueAlthough several researchers have also examined differences in consumer behavior across cultures yet it appears that there is no direct study that examines the effects of cultural differences on deal proneness using data from three countries (USA, Thailand, and Kenya) which are diverse on all dimensions of national culture. This paper examines the influence of national culture on individual’s propensity to exhibit deal proneness. Furthermore, the paper examines the role of store image on the relationship between national culture and deal proneness.

The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship: the mediating effect of organizational commitment and the moderating role of power distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediating effect of organizational commitment with power distance as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from responses to a structured questionnaire by 379 employees based in ten banks from five metropolitan cities in Pakistan Findings The study finds no positive relationship between organizational justice and OCB, a positive relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment, that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between organizational justice and OCB and that power distance moderates the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Practical implications Managers and policy makers should ensure fair and transparent processes within an organization to increase the confidence an employee has in the organizational systems and processes. Originality/value This paper has an original approach as it examines the moderating impact of power distance between organizational justice and organizational commitment in the context of a developing country, Pakistan.

The mediating role of organizational commitment between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-468
Author(s):  
Khawaja Jehanzeb ◽  
Jagannath Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) while considering the mediating effect of organizational commitment and the moderating role of power distance on this association. Design/methodology/approach Using a stratified sampling technique the data were collected from the employees working in bank branches located in five metropolitan cities (i.e. Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi) of Pakistan. A total of 409 responses were received and 379 questionnaires were considered for analysis. To test the hypotheses structural equation modeling technique was applied using AMOS 21.0. Findings The results reported an insignificant relationship between organizational justice and OCB, but the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment was found to be significant. It has also emerged from the analysis that organizational commitment fully mediates the relationship between organizational justice and OCB. Moreover, power distance was found to moderate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications Findings of this study can be useful for banking organizations and policy makers responsible for employee productivity and overall employee well-being, particularly managers working on long-term organizational vision and expect employees to respond pro-socially toward fellow workers and organizational objectives. The study also provides the scope and space for potential scholars and researchers for carrying out further research. Practical implications Findings of this study can be useful for banking organizations and policy makers who have long-term vision and expect OCB from its employees to be sustainable in a dynamic market. The study also provides the scope and space for potential scholars and researchers for carrying out further research. Originality/value While extensive literature is available on organizational justice and its impact on OCB, very little work seems to have been done to examine the moderating impact of power distance between organizational justice and organizational commitment, particularly in the context of a developing country like Pakistan. Therefore, this work may be considered as original and of significant value in understanding the relationships between the various constructs in the scenario of Pakistan.

An Examination of the Link between Leader Motivating Language and Follower Interactional Justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 232948842110112
Author(s):  
Albi Alikaj ◽  
Doreen Hanke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Informational Justice ◽  
Power Distance Orientation ◽  
Motivating Language ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines the relationship between leaders’ use of motivating language and their workers’ perceived interactional justice, that is, interpersonal and informational justice. The study also examines the influence of workers’ levels of power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations on these relationships. We test the proposed model by conducting structural equation modeling using data from a sample of 505 participants. The findings show a positive relationship between leaders’ use of motivating language and their workers’ perceived interpersonal and informational justice. Furthermore, the study confirms our hypotheses that workers’ power distance orientation negatively moderates the relationship between leaders’ use of motivating language and workers’ perceived interpersonal justice and that workers’ uncertainty avoidance orientation negatively moderates the relationship between leaders’ use of motivating language and workers’ perceived informational justice.

Impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on attitudes and behaviors of pharmacists working in MNCs

Humanomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khaleel ◽  
Shankar Chelliah ◽  
Sana Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Supervisory Support ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to find out how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are perceived by pharmacists and how it influences employees’ organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and role of perceived supervisor support in the study. Design/methodology/approach Pharmacists of different hierarchical levels from five multinational pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan were selected as study samples. Data were collected from 136 pharmacists working in Punjab Region. PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results from this study found that CSR was a predictor of affective organizational commitment (AOC) and OCB. AOC fully mediates the relationship between CSR and OCB. While perceived supervisory support did not moderate the relationship between AOC and OCB. Pharmaceutical firms can promote commitment toward organization and OCBs by initiating CSR activities. Research limitations/implications This research is one of the innovative studies that empirically examine the predicting role of CSR and moderating role of perceived supervisory support on employees’ attitude and behaviors in the pharmaceutical companies’ context. Moreover, this research will also help the management by adopting CSR activities as core element in shaping employees attitudes and behaviors. Originality/value It is a significant study shifting the focus of research into organizational behavior context and further influences employee’s attitudes and behavior because of perceived CSR in the pharmacy industry.

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