Over the last decades, the deployment of large solar-based photovoltaic power plants has grown tremendously. The undesirable impact of high integration level of photovoltaic systems has led energy stakeholders to regulate such penetration to avoid this negative impact. One major concern with regard to photovoltaic penetration is the issue of power quality. Poor power quality can be a source of system disturbance and major economic losses. However, the power quality analysis is not widely discussed in the literature, with most of the studies focusing on the harmonic issues as potential power quality problem, but this study shows that there are a number of power quality issues, such as undervoltage, overvoltage, power fluctuation, and power factor. This study presents practical approaches to a grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant with associated control circuits developed in the time-domain. The power quality of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant is investigated by an analysis of the inverter output voltage and nominal current for different photovoltaic plant sizes. Also, the effect of different conditions of solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the power quality is analyzed. To identify power quality issues, a photovoltaic plant time-domain model is developed using Power Systems Computer Aided Design software. Various solar photovoltaic plant controls such as maximum power point tracking and modulation signals sinusoidal pulse width modulation and pulse width modulation for direct current-to-direct current boost converter are developed and integrated into the simulation environment. Several case studies are performed taking into account different photovoltaic plant ratings such as 250 kW–3 MW, where the point of common coupling is monitored.
A Time-Domain Reflectometry Method with Variable Needle Pulse Width for Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Materials
