An Improved Endpoint Detection Algorithm with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yue ◽  
Qian Zhihong ◽  
Wang Xiuli
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Endpoint Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

Fiducial visibility on planar images during motion-synchronized tomotherapy treatments

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ferris ◽  
Larry Albert DeWerd ◽  
Wesley S Culberson
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Position Error ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Motion Management ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Planar Images ◽  
Noise Ratio

Abstract Objective: Synchrony® is a motion management system on the Radixact® that uses planar kV radiographs to locate the target during treatment. The purpose of this work is to quantify the visibility of fiducials on these radiographs. Approach: A custom acrylic slab was machined to hold 8 gold fiducials of various lengths, diameters, and orientations with respect to imaging axis. The slab was placed on the couch at the imaging isocenter and planar radiographs were acquired perpendicular to the custom slab with varying thicknesses of acrylic on each side. Fiducial signal to noise ratio (SNR) and detected fiducial position error in millimeters were quantified. Main Results: The minimum output protocol (100 kVp, 0.8 mAs) was sufficient to detect all fiducials on both Radixact configurations when the thickness of the phantom was 20 cm. However, no fiducials for any protocol were detected when the phantom was 50 cm thick. The algorithm accurately detected fiducials on the image when the SNR was larger than 4. The MV beam was observed to cause RFI artifacts on the kV images and to decrease SNR by an average of 10%. Significance: This work provides the first data on fiducial visibility on kV radiographs from Radixact Synchrony treatments. The Synchrony fiducial detection algorithm was determined to be very accurate when sufficient SNR is achieved. However, a higher output protocol may need to be added for use with larger patients. This work provided groundwork for investigating visibility of fiducial-free solid targets in future studies and provided a direct comparison of fiducial visibility on the two Radixact configurations, which will allow for intercomparison of results between configurations.

scholarly journals A Direct Current Measurement Method Based on Terbium Gallium Garnet Crystal and a Double Correlation Detection Algorithm

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Shen ◽  
Chen ◽  
Yu ◽  
Ge ◽  
Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Garnet Crystal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Direct Current Measurement

When applying an optical current transformer (OCT) to direct current measurement, output signals exhibit a low signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise band overlap. Sinusoidal wave modulation is used to solve this problem. A double correlation detection algorithm is used to extract the direct current (DC) signal, remove white noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Our sensing unit uses a terbium gallium garnet crystal in order to increase the output signal-to-noise ratio and measurement sensitivity. Measurement errors of single correlation and double correlation detection algorithms are compared, and experimental results showed that this measurement method can control measurement error to about 0.3%, thus verifying its feasibility.

Peak Detection Algorithm of Raman Spectra Based on Multi-Scale Local Signal-to-Noise Ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 0630001
Author(s):  
姜承志 Jiang Chengzhi ◽  
孙强 Sun Qiang ◽  
刘英 Liu Ying ◽  
梁静秋 Liang Jingqiu ◽  
刘兵 Liu Bing
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Peak Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Peak Detection Algorithm ◽  
Noise Ratio

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

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