Interval-valued fuzzy set theory is an increasingly popular extension of fuzzy set theory where traditional [0,1]-valued membership degrees are replaced by intervals in [0,1] that approximate the (unknown) membership degrees. To construct suitable graded logical connectives in this extended setting, it is both natural and appropriate to "reuse" ingredients from classical fuzzy set theory. In this paper, we compare different ways of representing operations on interval-valued fuzzy sets by corresponding operations on fuzzy sets, study their intuitive semantics, and relate them to an existing, purely order-theoretical approach. Our approach reveals, amongst others, that subtle differences in the representation method can have a major impact on the properties satisfied by the generated operations, and that contrary to popular perception, interval-valued fuzzy set theory hardly corresponds to a mere twofold application of fuzzy set theory. In this way, by making the mathematical machinery behind the interval-valued fuzzy set model fully transparent, we aim to foster new avenues for its exploitation by offering application developers a much more powerful and elaborate mathematical toolbox than existed before.
Measuring Polarization: A Fuzzy Set Theoretical Approach