A simple dual-band patch antenna with paired L-shap slots for on- and off-body communications has been presented in this article. The proposed antenna resonates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at two different frequencies, at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. At the lower frequency band, the antenna’s radiation pattern is broadsided directional, whereas it is omni-directional at the higher frequency band. The efficiency and performance of the proposed antenna under the influence of the physical body are improved, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is significantly reduced by creating a full ground plane behind the substrate. The substrate’s material is FR-4, the thickness of which is 1.6 mm and it has a loss tangent of tanδ = 0.02. The overall size of the proposed design is 40 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. Physical phantoms, such as skin, fat and muscle, are used to evaluate the impact of physical layers at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The SAR values are assessed and found to be 0.19 W/kg and 1.18 W/kg at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively, over 1 gram of mass tissue. The acquired results indicate that this antenna can be used for future on- and off-body communications and wireless services.
Code division multiple access schemes for terrestrial and satellite mobile communication networks: Modeling and performance evaluation