Engineering safe autonomous mobile systems of systems using specification (model) based systems architecture & engineering

Author(s):  
G. R. Hellestrand
Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrios Joannou ◽  
Roy Kalawsky ◽  
Sara Saravi ◽  
Monica Rivas Casado ◽  
Guangtao Fu ◽  
...  

There is a clear and evident requirement for a conscious effort to be made towards a resilient water system-of-systems (SoS) within the UK, in terms of both supply and flooding. The impact of flooding goes beyond the immediately obvious socio-aspects of disruption, cascading and affecting a wide range of connected systems. The issues caused by flooding need to be treated in a fashion which adopts an SoS approach to evaluate the risks associated with interconnected systems and to assess resilience against flooding from various perspectives. Changes in climate result in deviations in frequency and intensity of precipitation; variations in annual patterns make planning and management for resilience more challenging. This article presents a verified model-based system engineering methodology for decision-makers in the water sector to holistically, and systematically implement resilience within the water context, specifically focusing on effects of flooding on water supply. A novel resilience viewpoint has been created which is solely focused on the resilience aspects of architecture that is presented within this paper. Systems architecture modelling forms the basis of the methodology and includes an innovative resilience viewpoint to help evaluate current SoS resilience, and to design for future resilient states. Architecting for resilience, and subsequently simulating designs, is seen as the solution to successfully ensuring system performance does not suffer, and systems continue to function at the desired levels of operability. The case study presented within this paper demonstrates the application of the SoS resilience methodology on water supply networks in times of flooding, highlighting how such a methodology can be used for approaching resilience in the water sector from an SoS perspective. The methodology highlights where resilience improvements are necessary and also provides a process where architecture solutions can be proposed and tested.


Author(s):  
Bruno G. A. Lebtag ◽  
Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto

Systems of Systems (SoS) are complex systems composed of managerially and operationally independent constituent systems (CS). Smart cities are examples of SoS. However, these types of systems impose challenges to traditional software architecture such as highly evolutionary architecture due to the evolution of individual CS and emergent behaviors that results from the interoperability of CS. Executable Models (ExM) are a class of models that can be executed and that can assist on architectural design of SoS. By using them, architects can predict the SoS structure and behavior by visualizing and simulating the SoS still at design-time. On the other hand, as any other emergent technologies, it suffers with absent scientific evidences of its benefits, mainly in industrial context. The main contribution of this master thesis project intends to be the presentation of evidences about the use of ExM to solve problems in the SoS software architecture design. For achieving such purpose, this project is structured in well-defined steps: (i) a systematic mapping study, (ii) elaboration of a conceptual map derived from the mapping study, (iii) a survey to obtain perceptions from software engineering professionals on the use of ExM in the context of engineering simple systems and (iv) a new survey expanding the previous study and to obtain perceptions from software engineering professionals on the use of ExM in the context of architectural design of SoS. Preliminary results reveal that ExM have been reported in diverse SoS domains, offering a dynamic and interactive view to the SoS. We also found that software engineering professionals see ExM as suitable solution for dealing with complex and critical systems as SoS.


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