Three-Dimensional Biplanar Reconstruction of Scoliotic Rib Cage Using the Estimation of a Mixture of Probabilistic Prior Models

AbstractRib fracture is a common injury and can result in pain during respiration. Conservative treatment of rib fracture is applied via mechanical ventilation. However, ventilator-associated complications frequently occur. Surgical fixation is another approach to treat rib fractures. Unfortunately, this surgical treatment is still not completely defined. Past studies have evaluated the biomechanics of the rib cage during respiration using a finite element method, but only intact conditions were modelled. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a realistic numerical model of the human rib cage and to analyse the biomechanical performance of intact, injured and treated rib cages. Three-dimensional finite element models of the human rib cage were developed. Respiratory movement of the human rib cage was simulated to evaluate the strengths and limitations of different scenarios. The results show that a realistic human respiratory movement can be simulated and the predicted results were closely related to previous study (correlation coefficient>0.92). Fixation of two fractured ribs significantly decreased the fixation index (191%) compared to the injured model. This fixation may provide adequate fixation stability as well as reveal lower bone stress and implant stress compared with the fixation of three or more fractured ribs.

Download Full-text

THREE-DIMENSIONAL EFFECT OF THE BOSTON BRACE ON THE THORACIC SPINE AND RIB CAGE.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics ◽

10.1097/00004694-199607000-00056 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 555

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Dimensional Effect ◽

Boston Brace

Download Full-text

THREE-DIMENSIONAL EFFECT OF THE BOSTON BRACE ON THE THORACIC SPINE AND RIB CAGE.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics ◽

10.1097/01241398-199607000-00056 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 555

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Dimensional Effect ◽

Boston Brace

Download Full-text

Respiratory Action of the Intercostal Muscles

Physiological Reviews ◽

10.1152/physrev.00007.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 717-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 203

Author(s):

André De Troyer ◽

Peter A. Kirkwood ◽

Theodore A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Neural Drive ◽

Mechanical Advantage ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Intercostal Muscles ◽

Lung Expansion ◽

Dorsal Portion ◽

Three Dimensional Configuration

The mechanical advantages of the external and internal intercostals depend partly on the orientation of the muscle but mostly on interspace number and the position of the muscle within each interspace. Thus the external intercostals in the dorsal portion of the rostral interspaces have a large inspiratory mechanical advantage, but this advantage decreases ventrally and caudally such that in the ventral portion of the caudal interspaces, it is reversed into an expiratory mechanical advantage. The internal interosseous intercostals in the caudal interspaces also have a large expiratory mechanical advantage, but this advantage decreases cranially and, for the upper interspaces, ventrally as well. The intercartilaginous portion of the internal intercostals (the so-called parasternal intercostals), therefore, has an inspiratory mechanical advantage, whereas the triangularis sterni has a large expiratory mechanical advantage. These rostrocaudal gradients result from the nonuniform coupling between rib displacement and lung expansion, and the dorsoventral gradients result from the three-dimensional configuration of the rib cage. Such topographic differences in mechanical advantage imply that the functions of the muscles during breathing are largely determined by the topographic distributions of neural drive. The distributions of inspiratory and expiratory activity among the muscles are strikingly similar to the distributions of inspiratory and expiratory mechanical advantages, respectively. As a result, the external intercostals and the parasternal intercostals have an inspiratory function during breathing, whereas the internal interosseous intercostals and the triangularis sterni have an expiratory function.

Download Full-text

The two mechanisms of intercostal muscle action on the lung

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 483-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Theodore A. Wilson ◽

Andre De Troyer

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Intercostal Muscle ◽

Muscle Action ◽

Opening Pressure ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Intercostal Muscles ◽

Airway Opening ◽

The Difference ◽

External Forces

The mechanisms of respiratory action of the intercostal muscles were studied by measuring the effect of external forces (F) applied to the ribs and by modeling the effect of F exerted by the intercostal muscles. In five dogs, with the airway occluded, cranial F were applied to individual rib pairs, from the 2nd to the 11th rib pair, and the change in airway opening pressure (Pao) was measured. The ratio Pao/F increases with increasing rib number in the upper ribs (2nd to 5th) and decreases in the lower ribs (5th to 11th). These data were incorporated into a model for the geometry of the ribs and intercostal muscles, and Pao/F was calculated from the model. For interspaces 2-8, the calculated values agree reasonably well with previously measured values. From the modeling, two mechanisms of intercostal muscle action are identified. One is the well-known Hamberger mechanism, modified to account for the three-dimensional geometry of the rib cage. This mechanism depends on the slant of an intercostal muscle relative to the ribs and on the resulting difference between the moments applied to the upper and lower ribs that bound each interspace. The second is a new mechanism that depends on the difference between the values of Pao/F for the upper and lower ribs.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method of the Rib Cage of Mild Scoliotic Patients

Spine Deformity ◽

10.1016/j.jspd.2013.07.007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Aurélien Courvoisier ◽

Brice Ilharreborde ◽

Barbara Constantinou ◽

Benjamin Aubert ◽

Raphael Vialle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

Download Full-text

Rib Cage Morphogenesis in the Human Embryo: A Detailed Three‐Dimensional Analysis

The Anatomical Record ◽

10.1002/ar.24226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 302 (12) ◽

pp. 2211-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kasumi Okuno ◽

Koichi Ishizu ◽

Jun Matsubayashi ◽

Sena Fujii ◽

Rino Sakamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Human Embryo ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rib Cage

Download Full-text

Influence of Rib Cage on Static Characteristics of Scoliotic Spine

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics ◽

10.1155/2020/8858686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Liying Lin ◽

Shaowei Jia ◽

Hufei Yang ◽

Ye Li ◽

Shunxin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costal Cartilage ◽

Thoracolumbar Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Intervertebral Discs ◽

Vital Role ◽

Von Mises Stress ◽

Static Characteristics ◽

Stress Concentrations ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Side Bending

Background. Scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine, which affects the patient’s appearance and may lead to abnormal heart and lung function. The rib cage is a structure composed of ribs, sternum, and costal cartilage, which plays a vital role in stabilising the thoracolumbar spine. This study investigates the influence of the rib cage on the static characteristics of the scoliotic spine. Methods. Two types of 3D finite element (FE) models with or without rib cage (from T1 to S) were established and analysed based on computed tomography (CT) images, to determine the effects of the rib cage on the static characteristics of the scoliotic spine. The FE software, ABAQUS, was used to analyse the static behaviours of scoliotic spine models under a range of loading conditions, including left side bending, right side bending, front tilt, rear supine, and vertical compression. The changes in the von Mises stress (VMS) within the intervertebral discs of spine models with or without rib cage were studied and compared. Results. After including the rib cage, the maximum VMS at the stress concentrations of the normal and scoliotic spine effectively reduced. The VMS in normal intervertebral discs was gentler than that of scoliotic ones. However, the scoliotic spine was more likely to produce large stress concentration in the intervertebral discs of scoliotic segments. Conclusions. Under the common postures, intervertebral discs of scoliotic segments are more susceptible to generate stress concentrations compared with the normal spine. The rib cage could effectively keep the intervertebral discs of scoliotic segments from further injuries. These results are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of the scoliotic spine.

Download Full-text