Lightning protection of buildings has been practised for ages but we still lack the model in terms of reliability theory. The paper is a proposition to apply some reliability models in the lightning protection. The building equipped with lightning protection is treated as the 4-state object. The intensities of transition from one state to another have been found on the basis of partial probabilities of inadmissible damages caused by a lightning stroke. The values of these intensities can be calculated on the basis of so called "partial risks" which are determined by entirety of the circumstances referring to the structure (the design, construction, content of the building, lightning protection device design, relief, geographical situation etc.).