OBJECTIVE: This study compares patterns of evidence-based osteoporosis medication use among females in community and long-term care settings enrolled in Medicare Part D.<br/> DESIGN: Pooled cross-sectional study.<br/> SETTING: Medicare beneficiaries
enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B, and Part D stand-alone prescription drug plans from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008, or death.<br/> PARTICIPANTS: Female Medicare Part D enrollees 70 years of age and older with osteoporosis or prior hip fracture.<br/> INTERVENTIONS:
NA.<br/> MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Use of bisphosphonates, calcitonin, teriparatide, and raloxifene was tracked by residential status over the three-year period.<br/> RESULTS: The study sample comprised 96,408 female Part D enrollees with osteoporosis. Prevalence
of evidence-based medication use was 42.3% in 2006 and dropped slightly to 40.4% in 2008. In unadjusted comparisons, long-term care residents were significantly less likely to use any osteoporosis medication compared with community dwellers (40.6% vs. 53.1%). After adjustment for differences
in individual characteristics, utilization was still lower among long-term care residents (relative risk [RR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.91). Bisphosphonates were the top choice among medication users, but were prescribed much less often to long-term care residents (RR = 0.79,
95% CI 0.75-0.83) compared with community residents.<br/> CONCLUSION: Prevalence of evidence-based osteoporosis medication use is low in older women enrolled in Part D whether community-dwelling or long-term care residents, but long-term nursing facility residents are more likely
to be treated with nonbisphosphonates. Many events that may affect osteoporosis medication use occurred after 2008; therefore, future studies using more recent data are warranted to examine osteoporosis medication use after 2008.
Nonlinear Pricing in Drug Benefits and Medication Use: The Case of Statin Compliance in Medicare Part D