Decision letter for "Novel use of cathodoluminescence to identify differences in source rocks for Late Paleoindian quartzite tools"

Author(s):  
D., A., L., A. Putri

Tectonic activity in an area could result in various impacts such as changes in elevation, level of slope percentages, river flow patterns and systems, and the formation of geological structures both locally and regionally, which will form a new landscape. The tectonic activity also affects the stratigraphic sequences of the area. Therefore, it is necessary to study morphotectonic or landscape forms that are influenced by active tectonic activities, both those occur recently and in the past. These geological results help provide information of the potential of natural resources in and around Tanjung Bungo area. Morphological data are based on three main aspects including morphogenesis, morphometry, and morphography. The data are collected in two ways, the first is field survey by directly observing and taking field data such as measuring geological structures, rock positions, and outcrop profiles. The second way is to interpret them through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and aerial photographs by analyzing river flow patterns and lineament analysis. The field measurement data are processed using WinTensor, Dips, and SedLog Software. The supporting data such as Topographic Maps, Morphological Elevation Maps, Slope Maps, Flow Pattern Maps, and Lineament Maps are based on DEM data and are processed using ArcGis Software 10.6.1 and PCI Geomatica. Morphotectonically, the Tanjung Bungo area is at a moderate to high-class level of tectonic activity taken place actively resulted in several joints, faults, and folds. The formation of geological structures has affected the morphological conditions of the area as seen from the development of steep slopes, structural flow patterns such as radial, rectangular, and dendritic, as well as illustrated by rough surface relief in Tanjung Bungo area. This area has the potential for oil and gas resources as indicated by the Telisa Formation, consisting of calcareous silts rich in planktonic and benthonic fossils, which may be source rocks and its contact with the Menggala Formation which is braided river system deposits that could be good reservoirs. Further research needs to be done since current research is only an interpretation of surface data. Current natural resources being exploited in Tanjung Bungo region are coals. The coals have thicknesses of 5-7 cm and are classified as bituminous coals.


Author(s):  
S., R. Muthasyabiha

Geochemical analysis is necessary to enable the optimization of hydrocarbon exploration. In this research, it is used to determine the oil characteristics and the type of source rock candidates that produces hydrocarbon in the “KITKAT” Field and also to understand the quality, quantity and maturity of proven source rocks. The evaluation of source rock was obtained from Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (REP) to determine the hydrocarbon type and analysis of the value of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to know the quantity of its organic content. Analysis of Tmax value and Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) was also performed to know the maturity level of the source rock samples. Then the oil characteristics such as the depositional environment of source rock candidate and where the oil sample develops were obtained from pattern matching and fingerprinting analysis of Biomarker data GC/GCMS. Moreover, these data are used to know the correlation of oil to source rock. The result of source rock evaluation shows that the Talangakar Formation (TAF) has all these parameters as a source rock. Organic material from Upper Talangakar Formation (UTAF) comes from kerogen type II/III that is capable of producing oil and gas (Espitalie, 1985) and Lower Talangakar Formation (LTAF) comes from kerogen type III that is capable of producing gas. All intervals of TAF have a quantity value from very good–excellent considerable from the amount of TOC > 1% (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock maturity level (Ro > 0.6) in UTAF is mature–late mature and LTAF is late mature–over mature (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock from UTAF has deposited in the transition environment, and source rock from LTAF has deposited in the terrestrial environment. The correlation of oil to source rock shows that oil sample is positively correlated with the UTAF.


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