scholarly journals Language not auditory experience is related to parent‐reported executive functioning in preschool‐aged deaf and hard‐of‐hearing children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Goodwin ◽  
Emily Carrigan ◽  
Kristin Walker ◽  
Marie Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Hearing Children

Social-Emotional Problems in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children from an Executive and Theory-of-Mind Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Th. W. M. Vissers ◽  
Daan Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Hearing Children

The implications of a hearing loss can go far beyond the linguistic domain. Several studies have revealed that deaf and hard-of-hearing children are at risk in their social-emotional development. This chapter argues that executive functions and theory of mind are two central underlying cognitive factors in people’s social-emotional functioning. We briefly review what is currently known about executive functioning and theory-of-mind development in deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adolescents and then present a cognitive model with a central role for inner speech in relation to executive functioning and theory of mind. We hypothesize that inner speech both enables and urges the regulation of oneself (executive function) and also the mentalization of one’s own and others’ inner worlds (theory of mind). We discuss the implications for assessing and treating social-emotional problems in deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adolescents.

How Early Auditory Experience Affects Children’s Ability to Learn Spoken Words

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Derek M. Houston ◽  
Chi-hsin Chen ◽  
Claire Monroy ◽  
Irina Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Sound Patterns ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Impaired Speech

It is generally assumed that deaf and hard-of-hearing children’s difficulties in learning novel words stem entirely from impaired speech perception. Degraded speech perception makes words more confusable, and correctly recognizing words clearly plays an important role in word learning. However, recent findings suggest that early auditory experience may affect other factors involved in linking the sound patterns of words to their referents. This chapter reviews those findings and discusses possible factors that may be affected by early auditory experience and, in turn, also affect the ability to learn word-referent associations. These factors include forming representations for the sound patterns of words, encoding phonological information into memory, sensory integration, and quality of language input. Overall, we learn that in order to understand and to help mitigate the difficulties deaf and hard-of-hearing children face in learning spoken words after cochlear implantation, we must look well beyond speech perception.

Psychosocial Development of Hard-of-Hearing Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jakhelln Laugen
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Deaf Child ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Child Research ◽  
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Hearing Children

In some respects, hard-of-hearing children experience the same difficulties as deaf children, whereas other challenges might be easier or more difficult to handle for the hard-of-hearing child than it would be for the deaf child. Research has revealed great variability in the language, academic, and psychosocial outcomes of hard-of-hearing children. Universal newborn hearing screening enables early identification and intervention for this group, which traditionally has been diagnosed rather late; however, best practices regarding the scope and content of early intervention have not yet been sufficiently described for hard-of-hearing children. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge concerning psychosocial development in hard-of-hearing children. Risk and protective factors, and their implications for early intervention, are discussed with a special emphasis on preschoolers.

Why Are Children with Cochlear Implants at Risk for Executive Functioning Delays?

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
William G. Kronenberger ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
Auditory Experience

Prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) have about 2 to 5 times more risk for delays in specific domains of executive functioning (EF) than normal-hearing (NH) children, with about 25% to 40% of children with CIs showing delays in specific EF subdomains. This chapter reviews the rationale and evidence for two theoretical approaches to explaining this elevated risk for EF delay: language-focused approaches and biopsychosocial systems theories, such as the auditory neurocognitive model. Research supporting language-focused approaches, which attribute risk of EF delays entirely to language delays, has significant limitations. Furthermore, results from an extensive data set of EF outcomes in CI users are inconsistent with language-focused approaches. In contrast, biopsychosocial systems theories, which attribute risk for EF delay to a system of factors, including auditory experience, language, family environment/experiences, fluid intelligence, and psychosocial influences, provide the strongest evidence and potential for explaining EF delays and outcomes in children with CIs.

Foundations of Language Development in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Infants

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Dani Levine ◽  
Daniela Avelar ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ◽  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek ◽  
Derek M. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Language Input ◽  
Hearing Children

Copious evidence indicates that, even in the first year of life, children’s language development is beginning and is impacted by a wide array of cognitive and social processes. The extent to which these processes are dependent on early language input is a critical concern for most deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, who, unlike hearing children, are usually not immersed in a language-rich environment until effective interventions, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, are implemented. Importantly, some cognitive and social processes are not dependent on the early availability of language input and begin to develop before children are fitted for hearing aids or cochlear implants. Interventions involving parent training may be helpful for enhancing social underpinnings of language and for maximizing DHH children’s language learning once effective hearing devices are in place. Similarly, cognitive training for DHH children may also provide benefit to bolster language development.

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