Country Experience with using the Country Assessment Tool (Lessons learned)

Difficulties in completing the CA concerned the availability of data and quality of data, also complicated by complex government structures. UK-level data are collected by various agencies and are often unavailable at Welsh level. Data on migrant health is not collected, apart from the Office of National Statistics scoping collection at UK level. There was no data available regarding refugees after they have been granted leave to remain, and the numbers in Wales not known. Research on migrant health is largely limited to people seeking sanctuary, and there is an ambitious cross-sector plan to make Wales the world's first Nation of Sanctuary. While there is limited visibility of migrants in health-related policies, rather references to ‘diverse communities' or ‘black and minority ethnic groups', Welsh policy in devolved areas e.g. Health are generally more inclusive of migrants than UK policy. Lessons learned: It is difficult to retro fit data systems and trying to gather from mainstream information will vastly underestimate the underserved population groups such as migrants. Especially when sanctions against individuals and mistrust of officialdom may mean an unwillingness to engage. For asylum seekers these stakes are very high eg deportation. Hence specific bespoke systems of data capture are needed. Often using trusted others eg third sector organisations that support health, legal advocacy and other service reports are important.

The Moral Norm, the Law, and the Limits of Protection for Wartime Medical Units

Based on ninety-nine interviews carried out with health professionals, this chapter briefly describes how the Syrian government transformed medical units into strategic targets. It then turns to discuss the legal advocacy strategy used by human rights and humanitarian organizations, claiming that while the law provides medical units with a series of protections, it also introduces crucial exceptions, setting out conditions under which warring parties can legally unleash violence against health facilities and staff. Even as accountability for the violation of international humanitarian law has been the primary rallying cry for NGOs seeking justice in Syria, the chapter argues that invoking the law to seek relief from violence is not necessarily the best strategy since the law itself sows doubt on the validity and solidity of the moral injunction to protect medical units.

From Margins to Mainstream: Creating a Rural-Based Center of Excellence in Transgender Health for Upstate, New York

Transgender people face many barriers to healthcare, especially in rural America. The work to decrease barriers to care and address health care disparities for this population meets criteria for a wicked problem, each of which is unique and has no clear solution. The barriers are related to the individual and society and are both formal and informal. The definition for a Center of Excellence in healthcare is loose, but these organizations aspire to serve as specialized programs that offer comprehensive, interdisciplinary expertise and resources within a medical field to improve patient outcomes. With funding and leadership training from the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars program, a group of medical and mental health clinicians worked for three years with the goal of creating a Rural-Based Center of Excellence in Transgender Health embedded within a family practice to approach the wicked problem of transgender healthcare in their region. The goals of the center were six pronged: the provision of competent and affirming medical, surgical and mental health services, training for healthcare professional students, medical-legal advocacy and patient-centered research. The team created a strategic plan, with five strategic directions, including 1) developing infrastructure and organizational capacity, 2) expanding awareness, knowledge and skills, 3) fulfilling staffing needs, 4) ensuring gender-affirming care, and 5) advancing evidence-based care. I describe our work to bring transgender health from the margins to the mainstream for our region through implementation of this strategic plan.

Legal Advocacy For Catfish Cultivation Groups As An Effort To Improve The Economy In Facing The Covid 19 Pandemic In Mojorang Agung Wondayu Village, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia

Empowerment of catfish advertising cultivation for the community can increase the income source of rural communities and also as an effort to expand employment opportunities for rural communities through the provision of existing land and water in the village of Mojorangagung Wondayu Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Fish farming business groups in running their business require a business license as a form of legality. Assistance and roles and cooperation with various related agencies are needed in the progress of fish farming business groups, for example,Cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and Food, Cooperation with Universities, one of which is with the National Development University "Veteran" East Java so that assistance can be carried out in managing its legality and can be carried out assistance in cultivation and marketing as well as various other collaborations with related agencies are also needed. The management of legal entities for fish farming groups is very important, apart from being an obligation some rights can be obtained by fish farming groups that have legal entities including being able to receive assistance from the government in the hope that fish farming business actors in the future can be independent and carry out sustainable fisheries business.

The Strategy of Muslim Communities in Encountering Islamophobia in The United States

The number of Muslims in the United States is increasing from year to year as a result of the increasing number of immigrants from Muslim countries who come to work and continue their education as well as the increasing number of Muslims. One of the problems faced by the Muslim community in America today is Islamophobia such as bad narratives, discrimination, and violence against Muslims and their property. This study will examine the role of the Muslim community in America in dealing with the phenomenon of Islamophobia by explaining its strategy through the concept of Non-Governmental Organizations. The data used in this study is literature collected online from websites of Islamic groups in the United States. The results of this study showed that Islamic groups have taken many ways to deal with Islamophobia in this country, namely through political and legal advocacy, media relations, education, and campaigns to garner support and introduce Islam in American society.

Rome’s Imperial Women and Rome’s Imperial Power

Livia’s involvement in the case of L. Piso against Urgulania opens this investigation into the powers imperial women were granted or thought to enjoy. Context is set by comparing women considered powerful in the Republic, foreign queens, and the few non-imperial elite women noted in Rome of the principate. Historiography reflects the customs and laws affecting Roman women generally, including prohibition from politics, the military, and legal advocacy for another; patria potestas; and tutela mulierum. Although imperial women usually controlled their own financial resources, such as brickyards, dwellings, and patronage, their self-restraint and modesty were ideals, as seen in the Senatus Consultum de Pisone patre. Octavia and Livia received special grants in 35 BCE; Livia, more honors in 9 BCE, and more in 14 CE, including the title Augusta. The chapter concludes that imperial women had no institutional powers after these early exceptional dispensations accorded to Octavia and Livia.

Legal Care and Friction in Family Detention

The modern instantiation of migrant family detention in the United States has resulted in the creation of carceral spaces in which conflict and care intermingle in everyday encounters. While legal advocates traversing these spaces offer critical aid to the detained, asylum-seeking parents and children confined within, legal advocacy is rarely recognized as caregiving work. Drawing from my ethnographic research with voluntary legal advocates working at family detention facilities in South Texas, this article demonstrates the potential for deploying a lens of care to such encounters, which I ultimately frame as “legal care.” I argue that cross-disciplinary conceptualizations of care, which emphasize its interdependency, relationality, and contested terrains (Puig de la Bellacasa 2017), as well as its practices as being marked by a continuous tinkering (Mol 2010), offer windows to reconfigurations of care and power that reside amid both the mundane and unpredictable frictions that characterize these environments.