scholarly journals Employee and Employer Benefits From a Migraine Management Program: Disease Outcomes and Cost Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1947-1960
Author(s):  
Leonhard Schaetz ◽  
Timo Rimner ◽  
Purnima Pathak ◽  
Juanzhi Fang ◽  
Deepak Chandrasekhar ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Hadfield ◽  
Logan S. Bennett ◽  
Grant G. Schultz ◽  
Mitsuru Saito ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Straka ◽  
Richard L. Ridgway ◽  
Robert H. Tichenor ◽  
Roy L. Hedden ◽  
Joel A. King

Abstract The development of efficient and improved management programs for the gypsy moth requires detailed data on the benefits and costs of various treatment alternatives and program options. The objective of this study was to provide a cost analysis of a specialized gypsy moth management program for suburban parks. Cost data from the Maryland Department of Agriculture were used to perform a cost analysis of a hypothetical suburban park situation. The egg mass survey was assigned a cost of $24.68 per point. Most of the nonsurvey costs can be attributed to application (44% or $26.93/ha). Treatment material was the least costly component at 15% of total nonsurvey cost ($8.95/ha). Support and overhead accounted for the remaining 41% ($25.24/ha). The hypothetical suburban park would incur $2,158 in survey costs and $40,473 in application costs (roughly one-third from second applications). On the average, a suburban park had treatment costs of $42.85/ha (total park area, treated and untreated). North. J. Appl. For. 14(21):32-39.


2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 060720074824045-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Momany ◽  
Stephen D. Flach ◽  
Forrest D. Nelson ◽  
Peter C. Damiano

Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).


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