The impact of pharmaceutical company funding on results of randomized trials of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis

Addiction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Etter ◽  
Mafalda Burri ◽  
John Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluating level of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and its impact on smoking cessation: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e039775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanual Getnet Mersha ◽  
Parivash Eftekhari ◽  
Michelle Bovill ◽  
Daniel Nigusse Tollosa ◽  
Gillian Sandra Gould
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

IntroductionNicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has proven effective for smoking cessation in clinical trials, however it was found less effective in population-based studies, potentially due to inconsistent or incorrect use of NRT. The aim of this paper is to describe a systematic review protocol to evaluate level of adherence to NRT; the discrepancy of adherence to NRT in clinical and population-based studies and degree of association between level of adherence and success of smoking cessation.Methods and analysisLiterature search will use five databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Studies will be appraised for methodological quality using National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. To reduce heterogeneity, we will analyse clinical trials and population-based studies separately; pooled analyses will be done among studies that used similar measurements. Heterogeneity of studies will be assessed by Higgins’ I2 statistical test. When studies are adequately homogeneous, results will be pooled using random-effects model with proportion and ORs with 95% CIs and p values for each outcome. We will explain sources of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis or sensitivity analysis. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry test with p<0.05 will be used as a cut-off point to affirm presence of statistically significant publication bias. Statistical analyses will be carried out using Stata V.16 software. Only studies reporting a valid strategy to control for reverse causality will be included.DiscussionThis review will provide evidence to support the importance of adherence on rate of smoking cessation and level of adherence to NRT. The findings will be used to inform smoking cessation interventions, researchers and policymakers.Ethics and disseminationAs a systematic literature review, this protocol does not require ethics approval. Research outcomes will be presented at relevant conferences and findings will be published in a relevant peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020176749.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tobacco use and willingness to accept nicotine replacement therapy during stay in an acute inpatient psychiatric ward

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S186-S187
Author(s):  
Isabel Ganhao ◽  
Miguel Trigo ◽  
Afonso Paixao
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Inpatient Stay ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Impact

AimsTo evaluate tobacco smoking and willingness to try and to accept prescription of nicotine replacement therapy during psychiatric acute inpatient stay. When free to choose and use as desired (without imposing smoking cessation) patients may be open to nicotine replacement therapy.BackgroundTobacco smoking interventions are increasingly in demand especially for difficult to treat patient populations, as are those with severe mental illness. Implementing totally smoke-free psychiatric inpatient units is challenging. Imposing smoking cessation and use of nicotine substitutes may or not be the best of strategies for smoking reduction and cessation in the mid and long term. Allowing the patient free choice as to trying and learning to use nicotine replacement therapy with supervision may constitute a more acceptable approach.MethodFrom 1/1/2020 to 28/1/2020 (four weeks), 40 of the 44 patients in a general adult psychiatric inpatient unit (4 patients were too sedated or too agitated to be evaluated), with smoking restricted to a designated area and only during the day, were briefly evaluated as to their tobacco smoking habits (cigarettes/day) and willingness to accept nicotine lozenges and patches and were invited to participate in a smoking cessation programme during or after discharge.ResultOf the 40 patients evaluated, 26 were male and 14 were female, average age was 34 years (age range from 19 to 79 years). Diagnostic hypotheses for patients at admission were: schizophrenic disorder/schizoaffective disorder 9, bipolar disorder 7, psychosis not otherwise specified 19, depressive disorder 1 and other 4. 20(50%) were current smokers and 20 (50%) were non or ex-smokers. The smokers reported smoking an average of 14 cigarettes/day. Only one patient refused to try nicotine lozenges and all other smokers accepted regular prescription of nicotine lozenges during inpatient stay. 5 patients (25% of smokers) asked for or accepted suggestion to try nicotine patches in combination therapy with nicotine lozenges with the goal of smoking cessation.ConclusionPatients were open to a brief informal intervention targeting smoking behaviours and readily accepted trying nicotine lozenges and prescription during their inpatient stay. The regular use of nicotine replacement therapy by some patients encouraged other patients to try and accept therapy. In addition to the habitual tobacco sharing among patients, nicotine lozenges were also shared especially with newly admitted patients. The evaluation of the impact of this intervention will require a much longer period of time of implementation.

scholarly journals Evaluating level of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and its impact on smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanual Getnet Mersha ◽  
Parivash Eftekhari ◽  
Michelle Bovill ◽  
Daniel Nigusse Tollosa ◽  
Gillian Sandra Gould
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

Abstract Background Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has proven effect in assisting smoking cessation. However, its effectiveness varies across studies and population groups. This may be due to differences in the rate of adherence. Hence, this review aims to examine the level of adherence to NRT and to assess if the level of adherence to NRT affects success of smoking cessation. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using studies retrieved from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of science, and PsycINFO) and grey literature. Pooled analysis was conducted using Stata version 16 software. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Analyses were done among those studies that used similar measurements to assess level of adherence and successful smoking cessation. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Higgins’ I2 statistical test. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry test were used to affirm presence of significant publication bias. Results A total of 7521 adult participants of 18 years old and above from 16 studies were included in the analysis. Level of adherence to NRT among participants of randomised controlled trials were found to be 61% (95% CI, 54–68%), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 85.5%. Whereas 26% of participants were adherent among participants of population-based studies with 95% CI, 20–32%, p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 94.5%. Level of adherence was the lowest among pregnant women (22%) with 95% CI, 18–25%, p-value of 0.31 and I2 = 15.8%. Being adherent to NRT doubles the rate of successful quitting (OR = 2.17, 95% CI, 1.34–3.51), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 77.6%. Conclusions This review highlights a low level of adherence to NRT among participants of population-based studies and pregnant women as compared to clinical trials. Moreover, the review illustrated a strong association between adherence and successful smoking cessation. Hence, it is recommended to implement and assess large scale interventions to improve adherence. Health programs and policies are recommended to integrate the issue of adherence to NRT as a core component of smoking cessation interventions. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020176749. Registered on 28 April 2020.

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