PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD P. ROZEK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights

Are human capital, intellectual property rights, and research and development expenditures really important for total factor productivity? An empirical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Habib ◽  
Jawad Abbas ◽  
Rahat Noman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of human capital (HC), intellectual property rights (IPRs) and research and development (R&D) expenditures on total factor productivity (TFP), which leads to economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The panel data technique is used on a sample of 16 countries categorized into two groups, namely Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and, in order to make a comparison for the time period of 2007–2015, the researchers used a fixed effect model as an estimation method for regression. Findings The results indicate that HC, IPRs and R&D expenditures appear to be statistically significant and are strong factors in determining changes in TFP and exhibit positive results in all sample sets. Moreover, IPRs alone do not accelerate growth in an economy, especially taking the case of emerging nations. Originality/value Considering the importance of CEE and BRIC countries, and inadequate research on these regions with respect to current study’s variables and techniques, the present research provides valuable insights about the importance of HC, IPR and R&D activities and their impact on TFP, which leads to economic growth. IPRs create a fertile environment for R&D activities, knowledge creation and economic development. Distinct nations can attain better economic status via HC, R&D activities, innovation, trade and FDI, although the relative significance of these channels is likely to differ across countries depending on their developmental levels.

scholarly journals Effects of patents on the transition from stagnation to growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus C. Chu ◽  
Zonglai Kou ◽  
Xilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Schumpeterian Growth ◽  
Long Run

Abstract This study provides a growth-theoretic analysis of the effects of intellectual property rights on the take-off of an economy from an era of stagnation to a state of sustained economic growth. We incorporate patent protection into a Schumpeterian growth model in which take-off occurs when the population size crosses an endogenous threshold. We find that strengthening patent protection has contrasting effects on economic growth at different stages of development. Specifically, it leads to an earlier take-off but also reduces economic growth in the long run.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Within NAFTA 1.0: Implications for NAFTA 2.0 and for Democratic (Health) Governance in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Ali Mohamed ◽  
Claudia Chaufan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
Drug Prices

In 1993, the Canadian federal government ratified the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Prior to ratification, compulsory licensing was eliminated from Canada’s Patent Act and intellectual property rights (IPRs) were strengthened. Compulsory licensing allows competitors to produce drugs under patent without the consent of the patent holder, challenging drug monopolies and lowering prices, whereas IPRs lengthen patent protections, shielding patent holders from competition and increasing prices. We perform a critical discourse analysis of key provisions in Chapter 17 of NAFTA in light of industry claims that pharmaceutical innovation requires important investments in research and development, justifying high drug prices. We note that since NAFTA, spending in research and development in Canada has decreased and drug prices have increased, becoming a major barrier to equitable access to critically necessary medications. We argue that by modifying the law, the federal government has wronged the Canadian people by discursively appropriating the language of protecting the public good while in practice legitimizing and consolidating private drug development and production, legalizing exorbitant profits, and excluding well-tested publicly financed alternatives. While NAFTA has now been superseded by the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement, our analysis offers important lessons moving forward.

Intellectual Property Protection for Biologics: Why the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Agreement Fails to Deliver

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Lybecker
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights Protection ◽  
Data Exclusivity ◽  
Property Rights Protection

Biopharmaceutical research and development is overwhelmingly focused in the U.S. becasue here it is incentivized and encouraged through a robust intellectual property rights protection environment.  Across the board, the United States provides the most comprehensive, effective intellectual property rights protections for biopharmaceuticals.  As a result, the industry locates here, researches here, and thrives here.  With an acknowledgement of the importance of intellectual property rights as well as the wider benefits of biopharmaceutical research and development, it's tremendously disappointing that the recently negotiated Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Agreement fails to deliver sufficient IP protections for biologics.  This article explores the importance of a rigorous intellectual property environemtn for the biopharmaceutical industry through an examination of the importance of data exclusivity provisions.  Such protection is critical as the number, complexity and cost of clinical trials increases.  Technology inevitably evolves faster than the legal architecture that surrounds it.  As technology evolves, making the development of new biologic vaccines and therapies possible, society's commitment to incentivize innovation and protect it must be enshrined in the intellectual property protections of agreements such as the TPP.

Do intellectual property rights involve a private power to tax

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Carla Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Monopoly Profit ◽  
Private Power ◽  
Bundle Of Rights

This article criticises the standard approach to intellectual property rights, interpreted as property rights conferring a monopolistic position, by showing that a public good is not a suitable basis for a private monopoly and that the bundle of rights included in an intellectual property right is so different from those enjoyed under a standard monopoly as to suggest that a different mechanism is at work, that is, a private power to tax has been granted. To highlight how this novel approach works, mainstream economic models of economic growth based on research and development, whether protected or not by intellectual property rights, are revisited. The theory of taxation is then recalled to show that taxes involved by intellectual property rights can range from an amount equal to the monopoly profit to Lindahl taxes. Finally, the principles of taxation elaborated by economic theory are examined for clues to improving the design of intellectual property rights.

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