AN EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN KARNATAKA WITH REFERENCE TO MYSURU AND MANGALURU CITY CORPORATIONS

The research study attempts to evaluate the financial performance of Mysuru and Mangaluru City Corporations in Karnataka. The study is based on secondary data, which will be collected through secondary sources of financial statements of Mysuru and Mangaluru city corporation. The data so collected will be tabulated appropriately to achieve the objectives set. Required statistical tools will also be used to test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The per capita income and per capita expenditure were increased in all selected Municipal corporations during the study period 2010-11 to 2019-20. There is no significant difference in per capita income between Mysuru CC and Mangaluru CC, which means per capita income is almost equal in selected Municipal Corporations. The per capita expenditure is also equivalent to Mysuru CC and Mangaluru CC. It also found that the expenditure of selected Municipal Corporation is high compared to their income, which means the selected Municipal Corporation depends on State Government grants and loans. There is a significant difference between the development and non -development expenditure on revenue account of both Mysuru and Mangaluru City Corporations. The Mysuru CC had the highest development expenditure in 2017-18 and became 262.64 crores and lowest by 50.04 crores of Mangaluru CC in 2012-13. The Mysuru CC has the highest non-development expenditure in 2019-20 and became 199.52 crores and lowest by 16.73 crores of Mangaluru CC in 2010-11.

Moderating Influence That Islamic Law Intensity Of Causal Relationship Between Regional Economic Growth And Determinant: Study Empiricalon District / City In The Province Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Nad)

Policy of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to grant special autonomy to the Provincial Government of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) through the concept of asymmetric decentralization accompanied by the issuance of a law on the implementation of Islamic Sharia in a kaffah manner, opening opportunities for the government and the people of NAD Province to increase the pace of development economy based on faith and piety to Allah SWT. How the impact of the implementation of these policies on regional economic growth in the Province of NAD has not been widely studied. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the causal relationship between regional economic growth and its determinants and to analyze the moderating role of the intensity of the application of Islamic law on the causal relationship. The target population is districts/cities in NAD Province and the sample consists of 23 units of analysis (5 cities and 18 districts). Secondary data on a ratio scale to measure research variables, namely HDI, technology investment, population, regional development expenditure, intensity of the application of Islamic Sharia, and regional economic growth for the 2010 - 2019 period, sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of NAD Province. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and panel data regression analysis to test 10 research hypotheses. The results show that simultaneously capital, HDI, technology investment, population, and regional development expenditures have a very large influence on regional economic growth in NAD Province. Partially, capital, technology investment, population, and regional development expenditure are the determinants of regional economic growth in NAD Province. The four determinant variables have an effect on increasing regional economic growth. Regencies/cities that have large capital, moderate and innovative technology investment accompanied by a high population, and are supported by adequate regional development expenditures, have an impact on high economic growth in NAD Province. The intensity of the application of Islamic law moderates the causal relationship between capital, technology investment and population on regional economic growth, while the intensity of the application of Islamic law has not shown a significant role in moderating the causal relationship between the human development index and regional development expenditures on regional economic growth. This indicates that the intensity of the application of Islamic Sharia in the province of Aceh has given a significant role to all sectors in increasing regional economic growth. further research is suggested to use Economic Well Being Theory and include fiscal and regional retribution variables, education and ICT readiness index and electronic-based service system index.

Does Innovation Explain the Skewness of Stock Returns?

This paper investigates the impact of firm-level innovation on the skewness of stock returns. Using data on a broad sample of equities from the major US stock exchanges, we find that innovative companies exhibit strong positive skewness. Our results are robust to both input and output measures of innovation as we find that increases in both firm-level research and development expenditure (R&D), as well as the number of patents, are positively associated with future stock return skewness. Our results hold using both systematic and idiosyncratic measures of skewness while controlling for various stock characteristics, time, and industry-fixed effects.

Inward Foreign Direct Investment-Induced Technological Innovation in Sri Lanka? Empirical Evidence Using ARDL Approach

Fostering innovation is considered one of the key policy priorities in most governments’ agendas in developing countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a principal resource for financing sustainable development, corresponding to 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study analyzes how inward FDI affects innovation in Sri Lanka using secondary data from 1990 to 2019. We used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration procedure to examine the long-run relationships between variables. As per the study results, the coefficient of inward FDI is a negative sign while the coefficients of education expenditure (EDU) and research and development expenditure (RDE) show positive signs of 0.26 and 5.7, respectively, and are statistically significant in the long run. It is demonstrated that research and development expenditure is vital in explaining technological innovation, and inward FDI inflows do not contribute to widening technological innovation in Sri Lanka. More FDI inflows will not bring higher innovation. Shaping the future of FDI in Sri Lanka is essential to foster innovation capability.

Can directors' liability reduction promote corporate innovation?

PurposeThis study aims to explore the effects of director liability reduction (DLR) laws on corporate innovation strategies in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis is used to investigate the effects of the directors' liability reduction coverage on the corporate innovation. The data includes 7,517 firm-year observations spanning from 2011 to 2017.FindingsThe authors provide empirical evidence that directors feel protected by the coverage and are able to focus more on innovative projects. Using research and development expenditure and the number of patents registered to measure the firm's innovation, we find that covered firms spend more on R&D and register more patents than non-covered firms.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature on corporate innovation. A vast amount of literature empirically tests how best to motivate directors to engage in innovative activities. On the same line, this study is the first to empirically test the effect of DLR shelters on directors' motivations toward innovation.

Foreign Aid Movements in Nepal

Purpose: Development needs fund and foreign aid is one of the majour source of fund for developing countries. The Paper aims to analyse the trends and composition of foreign aids with case reference to the Swiss aid. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15.Descriptive statistics has been applied to develop the trends and compositions. Findings/Result: In FY 2014/15, the total foreign aid commitment increased by totaling to Rs.1195.5 million as compared to Rs.2125.9 million in FY 2014/15. Of the total commitment in FY 2014/15 the contribution of bilateral aid was totaling and multilateral aid contributed. While categorizing the total foreign aid the share of grant assistance constituted and loan assistance million. In FY 2014/15 the foreign grant assistant subsequently increased by whereas foreign loan assistance decreased. The bilateral aid disbursement was out of total bilateral aid commitment. Multilateral aid disbursement was 56 percent. The amount of loan is increasing in the economy. This condition also indicates that in future debt burden in budgetary system is directly reducing the development expenditure which decreases the flow of budget in poverty reduction sectors. In amount Swiss aid is much less but is efficiency is widespread in increasing people's living standard. Due to 100% grant Swiss aid doesn't create fiscal burden in the economy. Originality/Value: it is an empirical research to signify the urgency of increasing Swiss aid and Swiss project in Nepal for sustained and broad-based economic development. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

The characteristics of institutional R&D investment in the STEM field under policy streams over time

The STEM field has contributed significantly to the development of society because its findings result in new technology, which gives people more efficient tools and methods for a better standard of living. Postsecondary institutions have trained STEM field graduates through advanced curricula and learning environments. Compared to other academic fields, STEM requires more monetary support for research from the institution or the government because STEM research often requires expensive equipment installation or the introduction of new technologies. This paper overviews institutional support for STEM education and research by the regime of recent U.S. governments and examines the characteristics of R&D (research and development) expenditure. The results indicate that the R&D expenditures of the STEM field show continuous support for the different type of institutions, regardless of governments over time. However, they have tried to diversify the R&D investment by the type of R&D field and institutional type. Even though the government has tried to increase the total size of R&D expenditure through various resources, they still need to consider the equity and diversity issues for even further R&D investment strategies. A further research direction would search for the detailed action and strategies to support the STEM field according to their types of support or expectation.