China's Investment Abroad and Imports to Countries Along the Belt and Road

Belt and Road is an open regional economic cooperation system. The strategy of Belt and Road is proposed to promote economic development and trade cooperation between China and the countries along the route, and to jointly build a community of shared interests and destiny between China and the countries along the rou2te. Under the current international background of global economic integration and trade protectionism, Researching on China’s investment abroad and imports to countries along the Belt and Road has strong practical significance. This article analyzes the status quo of China's investment and imports in countries along the Belt and Road, studies the existing problems, and proposes countermeasures.

Multi-dimensional boundary effects and regional economic integration: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt

While the challenges posed by multi-dimensional boundary effects to global economic integration are studied widely, regional economic integration within a sovereign country requires additional analysis. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), a super-scale interprovincial area including three nested urban alliances, is a meaningful vision of regional economic integration in China. After building the producer services-based urban corporate network, this study investigates the influence of multi-dimensional boundary effects on regional economic integration by social network analysis and the exponential random graph model. The findings show that the fragmented reality of YREB’s economy is significantly different from the vision of the Chinese central government. More specifically, although the natural boundary restraints represented by distance have disappeared, multi-dimensional barriers to regional economic integration are still posed by administrative, policy, economic, and cultural boundaries. The estimation results pass the robustness test of the grouping sample of producer services. Therefore, we confirm that the multi-dimensional boundary effects, particularly the intangible ones, significantly impact regional economic integration even within a country with a top-down ‘strong’ governance.

Dynamics of Interests and Positions in the Field of Economic Integration of Russia and Belarus (2019–2020)

Introduction. Economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is based on the platforms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Union State, and the Eurasian Economic Union. These associations contribute to the identification and promotion of promising business niches and areas of economic integration, taking into account the interests of the participating countries. The Union State, embodying a more multidimensional idea of integration, encourages us to turn to a deeper and more substantive analysis of the relationship between various factors and spheres. The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative constants and dominants of economic interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the general course of integration processes in the CIS and in the context of current challenges of modernity for both countries and the Union State. Materials and Methods. The main research methods are diachronic analysis, event analysis and the method of studying documents. The main sources are materials posted on the Internet resources of integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Results. The key actors – state and non-state participants in the economic integration of Russia and Belarus – are identified, the degree of their involvement in integration processes and the dynamics of interaction are characterized. The most attractive traditional spheres of Russian-Belarusian integration are shown, as well as new vectors determined by current needs. Discussion and Conclusion. A moderate positive scenario is considered the most likely in the field of economic integration of Russia and Belarus. The deepening of integration is determined by the content and orientation of the “road maps”, the established economic relationships and political motives in the internal and external spheres. However, the economy in the process of union building largely continues to follow politics. The necessity of closer coupling of efforts within the framework of the CGB and the EAEU is shown. At the same time, the “dissolution” of the Union State in the EAEU and subordination to it in the logic of integration development are assessed as undesirable.

The Conceptual Framework of Economic Cooperation and Integration between OIC: Empirical Evidence on Effects of Trade on Cooperation and Integration

Objective - This study aims to illustrate the conceptual framework of economic cooperation and integration between OIC countries. It also highlighted on Economic cooperation and integration theory. Methodology - This paper follows descriptive analysis approach to describe the conceptual framework of cooperation and integration between OIC countries. This paper describes the conceptual framework of economic cooperation and integration between OIC. Itexplores the channels through which trade can contribute to cooperation and integration. This study highlighted the cooperation between OIC in the light of economic integration theory. Findings - The results of this study discover the dynamic relationship between trade balance and macroeconomic elements. Novelty - This study also explains the empirical evidence on effects of trade on cooperation and integration. The study recommended to compare the results with European Union to understand the effects of trade on cooperation and integration between OIC countries. Type of Paper - Literature. Keywords: Economic Cooperation, Economic integration theory, Trade Balance and Macroeconomic Elements.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ РИНОК РЕСПУБЛІКИ БІЛОРУСЬ В УМОВАХ ЄВРАЗІЙСЬКОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ: ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ

The financial market of the Republic of Belarus is traditionally considered to be quite developed in relation to states with an emerging market. However, the analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy development and financial depth indicators indicates that the market potential is not fully realized to ensure the country's economic growth. The purpose of the research is to identify the main directions for improving the financial market of Belarus within the framework of the Eurasian economic integration. The methodological basis of the research was analytical reviews, regulatory legal acts, scientific research on the study of problems and prospects for the development of the financial market of the Republic of Belarus. The study used the methods of dialectics, formal logic and systems analysis, in particular, general logical methods of analysis, analogies, methods of description and comparison, statistical methods to assess the dynamics of the Belarussian financial market development and substantiate proposals for its improvement. The main hypothesis of the research was the assumption that improving the Belarussian financial market development will stimulate the country's economic growth and create conditions for deepening the Eurasian economic integration on the way to creating a common financial market of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter – the EAEU). Presentation of the main material. The financial market of Belarus is currently operating in the conditions of Eurasian economic integration and is involved in the active process of harmonizing the national legislations of the EAEU member states to create a common financial market. The Belarusian financial market development will stimulate the country's economic growth, that’s why it’s important to achieve a sufficient level of financial depth. The paper analyzes the main indicators of the financial depth of the Belarussian financial market in 2011-2020. The main problems of the country's financial market development have been identified and a set of measures to improve it has been proposed. The originality and practical significance is confirmed by the proposed directions for improving the Belarusian financial market within the framework of the Eurasian economic integration. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The financial market of the Republic of Belarus is dynamically developing and quite sustained, however, its potential is not being fully realized. The structural imbalance of the market is manifested in the dominance of the banking sector, in which a significant part of the savings of individuals and legal entities is concentrated. It’s necessary to reduce the active participation of the state in the redistribution financial resources to close the gaps in institutional development. The implementation of the proposed set of measures to improve the Belarusian financial market in the context of the formation of a common financial market of the EAEU member states will create a stable, transparent and liquid national financial market. Further research will focus on the development of a strategy for the development of the financial market of the Republic of Belarus in the course of the formation of a common financial market of the EAEU states.