The Role of Temporal Factors in Multiple Schedules

1984 ◽  
Vol 423 (1 Timing and Ti) ◽  
pp. 597-599
Author(s):  
ALISON D. HASSIN-HERMAN
2017 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boudon ◽  
A. Jestin ◽  
A.-S. Briand ◽  
P. Fernique ◽  
P.-E. Lauri ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Kiss Mariann ◽  
Németh Dezső ◽  
Janacsek Karolina

A hétköznapok során gyakran előfordul, hogy gyengén teljesítünk egy olyan helyzetben, amelyben korábban már bizonyítottuk tudásunkat. A pszichológián belül elméleti és empirikus eredmények is alátámasztják ezt a hétköznapi jelenséget, mely szerint egy adott időpontban mérhető teljesítmény (performancia) nem feltétlenül tükrözi hűen a mögötte álló tudást (kompetencia). Jelen rövid, célzott összefoglaló tanulmánnyal az a célunk, hogy felhívjuk a fi gyelmet a performancia-kompetencia disszociációra a procedurális tanulás területét használva példaként. Fontos azonban kiemelni, hogy ez a jelenség más kognitív funkciók esetén is jelen lehet (pl. nyelvi teljesítmény, döntéshozatal, észlelés), ezért tanulmányunk új kutatásokat ösztönözhet számos kognitív funkció esetén. A korábbi empirikus eredmények áttekintésekor külön hangsúlyt fektetünk a tanulás idői faktoraira, amelyek meghatározhatják, hogy disszociáció lép-e fel adott esetben a performancia és kompetencia között vagy nem. Ezután kitérünk azokra az elméleti magyarázatokra is, amelyek az idői faktorok tanulásra, illetve performancia-kompetencia disszociációra kifejtett hatását próbálják magyarázni. A tanulmány végén kitekintést nyújtunk a disszociáció kutatásmódszertani vonatkozásaira és olyan alkalmazott helyzetekre is, ahol ez a disszociáció jelentősen befolyásolhatja a levont következtetéseket: ilyen például az oktatási-tanulási környezet (készségtanulás, nyelvtanulás), illetve a kognitív tesztek használata a klinikai diagnosztikában. It often occurs in our daily life that we perform weaker in a task in which we have previously shown good knowledge and understanding. In psychology, both theoretical and empirical evidence supports this phenomenon: that is, on certain occasions, our momentary performance does not accurately refl ect our underlying knowledge (competence). The aim of our short, focused review paper is to draw attention to this performance vs. competence dissociation using the fi eld of procedural learning as an example. It is important to note, however, that this phenomenon may occur for a wide range of cognitive functions (e.g., aspects of language performance, decision-making, perception), and therefore, our paper can stimulate research in these areas. In this paper, we review previous empirical fi ndings that focused on the role of temporal factors in procedural learning as these factors can affect whether or not dissociation occurs in a certain case. Then, we briefl y present the explanatory accounts of the role of the temporal factors in learning and in performance vs. competence dissociation. Finally, our review discusses the implications of the presented fi ndings both from a methodological and an applied perspective, highlighting that the dissociation between performance and competence can substantially alter the outcomes and our interpretations in various situations such as in education (e.g., skill learning, language learning) and when applying cognitive tests in clinical settings.


Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7227 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 976-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Murgia ◽  
Tanja Hohmann ◽  
Alessandra Galmonte ◽  
Markus Raab ◽  
Tiziano Agostini

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAP Barbosa ◽  
NL Benone ◽  
TOR Begot ◽  
A Gonçalves ◽  
L Sousa ◽  
...  

Abstract The structure of fish assemblages in Neotropical rivers is influenced by a series of environmental, spatial and/or temporal factors, given that different species will occupy the habitats that present the most favourable conditions to their survival. The present study aims to identify the principal factors responsible for the structuring of the fish assemblages found in the middle Xingu River, examining the influence of environmental, spatial, and temporal factors, in addition to the presence of natural barriers (waterfalls). For this, data were collected every three months between July 2012 and April 2013, using gillnets of different sizes and meshes. In addition to biotic data, 17 environmental variables were measured. A total of 8,485 fish specimens were collected during the study, representing 188 species. Total dissolved solids, conductivity, total suspended matter, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were the variables that had the greatest influence on the characteristics of the fish fauna of the middle Xingu. Only the barriers and hydrological periods played a significant deterministic role, resulting in both longitudinal and lateral gradients. This emphasizes the role of the connectivity of the different habitats found within the study area in the structuring of its fish assemblages.


1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 423-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Kulp ◽  
John A. Robinson

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Nogueira de Melo ◽  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
Martin A. Andresen

The reporting of rape to police is an important component of this crime to have the criminal justice system involved and, potentially, punish offenders. However, for a number of reasons (fear of retribution, self-blame, etc.), most rapes are not reported to police. Most often, the research investigating this phenomenon considers incident and victim factors with little attention to the spatio-temporal factors of the rape. In this study, we consider incident, victim, and spatio-temporal factors relating to rape reporting in Campinas, Brazil. Our primary research question is whether or not the spatio-temporal factors play a significant role in the reporting of rape, over and above incident and victim factors. The subjects under study are women who were admitted to the Women’s Integrated Healthcare Center at the State University of Campinas, Brazil, and surveyed by a psychologist or a social worker. Rape reporting to police was measured using a dichotomous variable. Logistic regression was used to predict the probability of rape reporting based on incident, victim, and spatio-temporal factors. Although we find that incident and victim factors matter for rape reporting, spatio-temporal factors (rape/home location and whether the rape was in a private or public place) play an important role in rape reporting, similar to the literature that considers these factors. This result has significant implications for sexual violence education. Only when we know why women decide not to report a rape may we begin to work on strategies to overcome these hurdles.


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