Factors affecting the efficacy of attracticidal spheres for management of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera Drosophilidae)

Abstract A better understanding of the factors affecting host plant use by spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) could aid in the development of efficient management tools and practices to control this pest. Here, proxies of both preference (maternal oviposition behavior) and performance (adult emergence) were evaluated for 12 different fruits in the form of purees. The effect of the chemical composition of the fruits on preference and performance traits was then estimated. We synthesized the literature to interpret our findings in the light of previous studies that measured oviposition preference and larval performance of D. suzukii. We show that fruit identity influences different parts of the life cycle, including oviposition preference under both choice and no-choice conditions, emergence rate, development time, and number of emerging adults. Blackcurrant was always among the most preferred fruit we used, while grape and tomato were the least preferred fruits. Larvae performed better in cranberry, raspberry, strawberry, and cherry than in the other fruits tested. We found that fruit chemical compounds can explain part of the effect of fruit on D. suzukii traits. In particular, oviposition preference under choice conditions was strongly influenced by fruit phosphorus content. In general, the consensus across studies is that raspberry, blackberry, and strawberry are among the best hosts while blackcurrant, grape and rose hips are poor hosts. Our results generally confirm this view but also suggest that oviposition preferences do not necessarily match larval performances. We discuss opportunities to use our results to develop new approaches for pest management.

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Factors affecting the biology of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0218301 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. e0218301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cherre S. Bezerra Da Silva ◽

Briana E. Price ◽

Alexander Soohoo-Hui ◽

Vaughn M. Walton

Keyword(s):

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Factors Affecting

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Factors affecting the biology of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

10.1101/656900 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Cherre S. Bezerra Da Silva ◽

Briana E. Price ◽

Alexander Soohoo-Hui ◽

Vaughn M. Walton

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Host Feeding ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Intrinsic Factors ◽

Young Females ◽

Biocontrol Potential ◽

Host Killing ◽

The Impact

AbstractPachycrepoideus vindemmiae is a parasitoid of the invasive spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) in the U.S. Few studies have addressed interactions between these two species and little is known about the potential of this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent of SWD. Here, we investigated the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on life-history traits of P. vindemmiae. Both constant (entire adulthood) and limited (30 minutes) supply of water + honey, honey, or host increased parasitoid survival compared to controls (water or fasting). Water + honey caused the highest parasitoid survivals (35-60 days), independent of supply period, sex, and host availability. Females were intrinsically more resistant to water and honey scarcity than males, and host-feeding elevated such resistance even higher. Constant supply of honey supported the highest host-killing capacity (ca. 600 SWD pupae/wasp). However, in young females (4-9 days old), such honey effect was insignificant while water deprivation (either with or without honey) resulted in the highest host-killing potential. This indicate that although sugar becomes a critical nutritional resource as females age, young females depend more on water than sugar. No effect of water nor honey was observed on the sex ratio of young females, but when we considered the entire adulthood honey supply produced the lowest proportion of females (0.50), independent of water availability. Such reduction derived from sperm depletion, likely caused by both lack of re-mating and higher fecundity in honey-fed wasps. Neither water nor honey affected parasitoid emergence rate (0.97), independent of female age. Based on survival and host-killing capacity, we conclude that P. vindemmiae has a tremendous biocontrol potential against SWD. Both limited and constant supply of water, sugar, and host increase parasitoid survival, while constant supply of water and/or honey enhance its host-killing potential and decrease sex ratio depending on mother age.

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Trapping system comparisons for and factors affecting populations of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus in winter-grown strawberry

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.4904 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 2076-2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Justin M Renkema ◽

Lindsy E Iglesias ◽

Phanie Bonneau ◽

Oscar E Liburd

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Zaprionus Indianus

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Phenotypic Plasticity Promotes Overwintering Survival in A Globally Invasive Crop Pest, Drosophila suzukii

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects9030105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Dara Stockton ◽

Anna Wallingford ◽

Gregory Loeb

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Population Monitoring ◽

Cold Hardening ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Lethal Limit ◽

Major Pest ◽

Overwintering Survival ◽

The Impact

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is a major pest of small fruit worldwide in temperate and subtropical growing regions. In Northern climates, D. suzukii likely overwinters locally under leaf litter and snow pack, but our understanding of the factors affecting thermal susceptibility is limited. While previous investigations of thermal susceptibility in this species have employed conventional static acclimation protocols, we aimed to determine whether gradual cooling, or dynamic acclimation, may extend the limits of known thermal tolerance by more closely approximating naturally occurring shifts in temperature. First, we assessed survival among adult and pupal D. suzukii using static acclimation. Then, we re-assessed survival using a novel dynamic acclimation method. We found that while static acclimation was sufficient to induce cold tolerance, dynamic acclimation significantly improved survival at temperatures as low as −7.5 °C. Following static acclimation, the lower lethal limit of adult D. suzukii was −1.1 °C in winter morphotype (WM) adults compared to 1.7 °C in non-acclimated summer morphotype (SM) adults. Dynamic acclimation reduced the lower limit to −5 °C in SM flies. At the end of our study 50% of WM flies survived 72 h at −7.5 °C. Below 0 °C pupal survival declined significantly regardless of acclimation procedure. However, pupal acclimation improved survival outcomes significantly compared to non-acclimated pupae, suggesting that while juvenile diapause is unlikely, cold hardening likely benefits those flies which may develop into the overwintering WM population. These data suggest that the degree of cold hardening is proportional to the thermal environment, a finding previously unrecognized in this species. Given the economic impact of this pest, these data may have important implications for offseason population monitoring and management. We discuss how phenotypic plasticity may drive geographical range expansion, and the impact of climate change on the spread of this species.

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Factors affecting the implementation of exclusion netting to control Drosophila suzukii on primocane raspberry

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 105191 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dara G. Stockton ◽

Stephen P. Hesler ◽

Anna K. Wallingford ◽

Tracy C. Leskey ◽

Laura McDermott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Factors Affecting

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Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078614 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 214-217

Author(s):

F. A. Heckman ◽

E. Redman ◽

J.E. Connolly

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Image Quality ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Image Contrast ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Practical Application ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

High Image Quality ◽

Qualitative Evidence ◽

Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

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Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100174230 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

Christine M. Dannels ◽

Christopher Viney

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Crystalline Polymers ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Low Thermal Expansion ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Fine Microstructure ◽

Planar Orientation ◽

Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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