Oviposition Preference and Larval Performance of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Spotted-Wing Drosophila: Effects of Fruit Identity and Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Olazcuaga ◽  
Nicolas O Rode ◽  
Julien Foucaud ◽  
Benoit Facon ◽  
Virginie Ravigné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A better understanding of the factors affecting host plant use by spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) could aid in the development of efficient management tools and practices to control this pest. Here, proxies of both preference (maternal oviposition behavior) and performance (adult emergence) were evaluated for 12 different fruits in the form of purees. The effect of the chemical composition of the fruits on preference and performance traits was then estimated. We synthesized the literature to interpret our findings in the light of previous studies that measured oviposition preference and larval performance of D. suzukii. We show that fruit identity influences different parts of the life cycle, including oviposition preference under both choice and no-choice conditions, emergence rate, development time, and number of emerging adults. Blackcurrant was always among the most preferred fruit we used, while grape and tomato were the least preferred fruits. Larvae performed better in cranberry, raspberry, strawberry, and cherry than in the other fruits tested. We found that fruit chemical compounds can explain part of the effect of fruit on D. suzukii traits. In particular, oviposition preference under choice conditions was strongly influenced by fruit phosphorus content. In general, the consensus across studies is that raspberry, blackberry, and strawberry are among the best hosts while blackcurrant, grape and rose hips are poor hosts. Our results generally confirm this view but also suggest that oviposition preferences do not necessarily match larval performances. We discuss opportunities to use our results to develop new approaches for pest management.

Postharvest Burial of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Infested Fruit Waste Reduces Adult Emergence

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hooper ◽  
Matthew J Grieshop
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Wastes

Abstract The arrival of spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), to the United States has caused many berry and cherry growers to replace IPM programs with calendar-based broad-spectrum insecticide programs. Alternative management tactics are urgently needed to mitigate the current dependency on chemical control. Postharvest burial is a cultural crop sanitation strategy that has the potential to reduce D. suzukii reproductive habitat and eliminate infested fruit wastes. This study revealed that D. suzukii rarely pupate on the soil’s surface or below 1 cm, but are capable of unburying themselves from depths up to 48 cm. Although zero emergence was not obtained in the field, adult emergence decreased exponentially with deeper burial depths. A burial depth of 24 cm reduced D. suzukii emergence by 97%, although soil texture may influence this optimal burial depth. Soils that had a higher concentration of sand had a negative impact on D. suzukii survival at shallower burial depths. The mechanism behind the reduction in adult emergence from differing burial depths remains unclear as the lipid concentration between emerging D. suzukii was the same regardless of burial depth.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the biology of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0218301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherre S. Bezerra Da Silva ◽  
Briana E. Price ◽  
Alexander Soohoo-Hui ◽  
Vaughn M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Factors affecting the biology of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherre S. Bezerra Da Silva ◽  
Briana E. Price ◽  
Alexander Soohoo-Hui ◽  
Vaughn M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Host Killing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPachycrepoideus vindemmiae is a parasitoid of the invasive spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) in the U.S. Few studies have addressed interactions between these two species and little is known about the potential of this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent of SWD. Here, we investigated the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on life-history traits of P. vindemmiae. Both constant (entire adulthood) and limited (30 minutes) supply of water + honey, honey, or host increased parasitoid survival compared to controls (water or fasting). Water + honey caused the highest parasitoid survivals (35-60 days), independent of supply period, sex, and host availability. Females were intrinsically more resistant to water and honey scarcity than males, and host-feeding elevated such resistance even higher. Constant supply of honey supported the highest host-killing capacity (ca. 600 SWD pupae/wasp). However, in young females (4-9 days old), such honey effect was insignificant while water deprivation (either with or without honey) resulted in the highest host-killing potential. This indicate that although sugar becomes a critical nutritional resource as females age, young females depend more on water than sugar. No effect of water nor honey was observed on the sex ratio of young females, but when we considered the entire adulthood honey supply produced the lowest proportion of females (0.50), independent of water availability. Such reduction derived from sperm depletion, likely caused by both lack of re-mating and higher fecundity in honey-fed wasps. Neither water nor honey affected parasitoid emergence rate (0.97), independent of female age. Based on survival and host-killing capacity, we conclude that P. vindemmiae has a tremendous biocontrol potential against SWD. Both limited and constant supply of water, sugar, and host increase parasitoid survival, while constant supply of water and/or honey enhance its host-killing potential and decrease sex ratio depending on mother age.

scholarly journals Divergence in Glucosinolate Profiles between High- and Low-Elevation Populations of Arabidopsis halleri Correspond to Variation in Field Herbivory and Herbivore Behavioral Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Buckley ◽  
Foteini G. Pashalidou ◽  
Martin C. Fischer ◽  
Alex Widmer ◽  
Mark C. Mescher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Arabidopsis Halleri ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
The Alps ◽  
And Performance

Variation in local herbivore pressure along elevation gradients is predicted to drive variation in plant defense traits. Yet, the extent of intraspecific variation in defense investment along elevation gradients, and its effects on both herbivore preference and performance, remain relatively unexplored. Using populations of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) occurring at different elevations in the Alps, we tested for associations between elevation, herbivore damage in the field, and constitutive chemical defense traits (glucosinolates) assayed under common-garden conditions. Additionally, we examined the feeding preferences and performance of a specialist herbivore, the butterfly Pieris brassicae, on plants from different elevations in the Alps. Although we found no effect of elevation on the overall levels of constitutive glucosinolates in leaves, relative amounts of indole glucosinolates increased significantly with elevation and were negatively correlated with herbivore damage in the field. In oviposition preference assays, P. brassicae females laid fewer eggs on plants from high-elevation populations, although larval performance was similar on populations from different elevations. Taken together, these results support the prediction that species distributed along elevation gradients exhibit genetic variation in chemical defenses, which can have consequences for interactions with herbivores in the field.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document