Cacao capitalism in coastal Ecuador: Production processes and accumulation in non‐transitionary agrarian capitalism during the long 19th century

ABSTRACT This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.

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El desarrollo desigual como una característica intencional y estructural de la geografía y la dinámica del capitalismo

Criterios ◽

10.21500/20115733.3092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

David Caicedo Sarralde

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

19Th Century ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Uneven Development ◽

Agrarian Capitalism ◽

Uneven And Combined Development ◽

History Of ◽

Line Tracking ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Present Text

The present text is an intertextual analysis of Neil Smith’s affirmation wherein he states the uneven development as the main characteristic of the geography of capitalism. The main goal is to effectively validate Smith’s affirmation by contrasting his hypothesis with the authors and theories in political economy that offer relevant arguments to the discussion. A brief historic framework is drawn to account for the history of the geography of capitalism underlying four main periods: the agrarian capitalism, the 19th century, Keynesian Consensus and neoliberal era. Some of the most important authors in the theories of uneven and combined development are used to draw a line tracking the inequalities intentionally created from the dispossession, to the modernization and neoliberal practice of capital accumulation fostered by increasing inequalities in the context of uneven development.

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Where the Roads Met: East and West in the Silk Production Processes (17th to 19th Century)

Asian Folklore Studies ◽

10.2307/1178741 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 423

Author(s):

Christian Daniels ◽

Claudio Zanier

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Silk Production ◽

Production Processes ◽

East And West

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An Employer-Employee Relationship Perspective on Rewards, Challenges,and Systems

Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-883-3.ch051 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 340-349

Author(s):

Herwig Ostermann ◽

Bettina Staudinger ◽

Magdalena Thoeni ◽

Roland Staudinger

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Free Market ◽

Value Added ◽

Production Processes ◽

Labor Division ◽

Employee Relationship ◽

The 19Th Century

Beginning with the upsurge of the industrial revolution and the subsequent implementation of labor division practices in most production processes in the 19th century, the question of employee rewarding within the framework of industrial value added has been widely discussed. The resulting controversy of appropriate pay was first put forward on a political level, whereby the predominant liberal approaches could be characterized by the principle that labor had to be first and foremost regarded as a commodity being subject to the free market so that labor offer and demand would determine wages and salaries (Berger, 1998; Birnbaum, 2001).

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Towards Agrarian Capitalism: The Case of Southern Sweden during the 19th Century

Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography ◽

10.2307/490551 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 72 (2/3) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jens Moller

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Southern Sweden ◽

Agrarian Capitalism ◽

The 19Th Century

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The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2303.261 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alan G. Kamhi

Keyword(s):

Speech Production ◽

Phonological Disorders ◽

Production Processes ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Speech Delays ◽

Explanatory Adequacy ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Assessment Procedures ◽

Treatment Procedures

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

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