Natural variations of BrHISN2 provide a genetic basis for growth‐flavour trade‐off in different Brassica rapa subspecies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongbing Su ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Peirong Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Xin ◽  
Yangjun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Natural Variations

scholarly journals A Genomic Variation Map Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Spring Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1360-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongbing Su ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Peirong Li ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genomic Variation

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis Reveals Three Novel QTLs Underpinning a Butterfly Egg-Induced Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death in Brassica Rapa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Bassetti ◽  
Lotte Caarls ◽  
Gabriella Bukovinszkine’Kiss ◽  
Mohamed El-Soda ◽  
Jeroen van Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
Resistance To Herbivory ◽  
Crop Resistance

Abstract Background Cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) can be severe pests of Brassica crops such as Chinese cabbage, Pak choi (Brassica rapa) or cabbages (B. oleracea). Eggs of Pieris spp. can induce a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death which reduces egg survival in the wild black mustard (B. nigra). Unravelling the genetic basis of this egg-killing trait in Brassica crops could improve crop resistance to herbivory, reducing major crop losses and pesticides use. Here we investigated the genetic architecture of a HR-like cell death induced by P. brassicae eggs in B. rapa. Results A germplasm screening of B. rapa 56 accessions, representing the genetic and geographical diversity of a B. rapa core collection, showed phenotypic variation for cell death. An image-based phenotyping protocol was developed to accurately measure size of HR-like cell death and was then used to identify two accessions that consistently showed weak (R-o-18) or strong cell death response (L58). Screening of 160 RILs derived from these two accessions resulted in three novel QTLs for Pieris brassicae-induced cell death on chromosomes A02 (Pbc1), A03 (Pbc2), and A06 (Pbc3). The three QTLs Pbc1-3 contain cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and other genes involved in plant immunity processes, such as ROS accumulation and cell death formation. Synteny analysis with A. thaliana suggested that Pbc1 and Pbc2 are novel QTLs associated with this trait, while Pbc3 contains also LecRK-I.1, a gene of A. thaliana previously associated with cell death induced by a P. brassicae egg extract. Conclusions This study provides the first genomic regions associated with the Pieris egg-induced HR-like cell death in a Brassica crop species. It is a step closer towards unravelling the genetic basis of an egg-killing crop resistance trait, paving the way for breeders to further fine-map and validate candidate genes.

Association mapping of leaf traits, flowering time, and phytate content in Brassica rapa

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 963-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhao ◽  
Maria-João Paulo ◽  
Diaan Jamar ◽  
Ping Lou ◽  
Fred van Eeuwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Structure Association ◽  
Phytate Content ◽  
Trait Associations

Association mapping was used to investigate the genetic basis of variation within Brassica rapa , which is an important vegetable and oil crop. We analyzed the variation of phytate and phosphate levels in seeds and leaves and additional developmental and morphological traits in a set of diverse B. rapa accessions and tested association of these traits with AFLP markers. The analysis of population structure revealed four subgroups in the population. Trait values differed between these subgroups, thus defining associations between population structure and trait values, even for traits such as phytate and phosphate levels. Marker–trait associations were investigated both with and without taking population structure into account. One hundred and seventy markers were found to be associated with the observed traits without correction for population structure. Association analysis with correction for population structure led to the identification of 27 markers, 6 of which had known map positions; 3 of these were confirmed in additional QTL mapping studies.

scholarly journals GENETIC BASIS OF A BETWEEN-ENVIRONMENT TRADE-OFF INVOLVING RESISTANCE TO CADMIUM INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Evolution ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. F. Shirley ◽  
Richard M. Sibly
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Overdominance and Epistasis Are Important for the Genetic Basis of Heterosis in Brassica rapa

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Kun Dong ◽  
Jia-Shu Cao ◽  
Kai Shi ◽  
Le-Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Epistasis Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
The Cross

To investigate the genetic basis of heterosis in Brassica rapa, an F2 population was produced from the cross of B. rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt and B. rapa L. subsp. rapifera Metzg. Trait performances of the F1 hybrid showed evident mid parent heterosis, which varied from 18.55% to 101.62% for the 11 traits investigated. A total of 23 main effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for biomass and its component traits, which could explain 4.38% to 47.80% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Sixty-five percent of these QTLs showed obvious overdominance. Epistasis analysis detected 444 two-locus interactions for the 11 traits at the threshold of P < 0.005. Some of them remained significant when more stringent threshold were set. These results suggested that overdominance and epistasis might play an important role as the genetic basis of heterosis in B. rapa.

scholarly journals GNI-A1 mediates trade-off between grain number and grain weight in tetraploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Golan ◽  
Idan Ayalon ◽  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Gil Zimran ◽  
Toluwanimi Ade-Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
C Terminus

AbstractGrain yield is a highly polygenic trait determined by the number of grains per unit area, as well as by grain weight. In wheat, grain number and grain weight are usually negatively correlated. Yet, the genetic basis underlying trade-off between the two is mostly unknown. Here, we fine-mapped a grain weight QTL using wild emmer introgressions in a durum wheat background, and showed that grain weight is associated with the GNI-A1 gene, a regulator of floret fertility. In-depth characterization of grain number and grain weight indicated that suppression of distal florets by the wild emmer GNI-A1 allele increase weight of proximal grains in basal and central spikelets due to alteration in assimilate distribution. Re-sequencing of GNI-A1 in tetraploid wheat demonstrated the rich allelic repertoire of the wild emmer gene pool, including a rare allele which was present in two gene copies and contained a non-synonymous mutation in the C-terminus of the protein. Using an F2 population generated from a cross between wild emmer accessions Zavitan, which carries the rare allele, and TTD140, we demonstrated that this unique polymorphism is associated with grain weight, independent of grain number. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that GNI-A1 proteins are transcriptional activators and that selection in domesticated wheat targeted compromised activity of the protein. Our finding expand the knowledge of the genetic basis underlying trade-off between key yield components and may contribute to breeding efforts for enhanced grain yield.

GENETIC BASIS OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN OFFSPRING NUMBER AND QUALITY IN THE BANK VOLE

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Esa Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number

scholarly journals Variation in the flowering time orthologs BrFLC and BrSOC1 in a natural population of Brassica rapa

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Franks ◽  
Beatriz Perez-Sweeney ◽  
Maya Strahl ◽  
Anna Nowogrodzki ◽  
Jennifer J Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
The Difference

Understanding the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation is of great importance, particularly since selection can act on this variation to cause evolution. We examined expression and allelic variation in candidate flowering time loci in Brassica rapa plants derived from a natural population and showing a broad range in the timing of first flowering. The loci of interest were orthologs of the Arabidopsis genes FLC and SOC1 (BrFLC and BrSOC1, respectively), which in Arabidopsis play a central role in the flowering time regulatory network, with FLC repressing and SOC1 promoting flowering. In B. rapa, there are four copies of FLC and three of SOC1. Plants were grown in controlled conditions in the lab. Comparisons were made between plants that flowered the earliest and latest, with the difference in average flowering time between these groups ~ 30 days. As expected, we found that total expression of BrSOC1 paralogs was significantly greater in early than in late flowering plants. Paralog-specific primers showed that expression was greater in early flowering plants in the BrSOC1 paralogs Br004928, Br00393 and Br009324, although the difference was not significant in Br009324. Thus expression of at least 2 of the 3 BrSOC1 orthologs is consistent with their predicted role in flowering time in this natural population. Sequences of the promoter regions of the BrSOC1 orthologs were variable, but there was no association between allelic variation at these loci and flowering time variation. For the BrFLC orthologs, expression varied over time, but did not differ between the early and late flowering plants. The coding regions, promoter regions and introns of these genes were generally invariant. Thus the BrFLC orthologs do not appear to influence flowering time in this population. Overall, the results suggest that even for a trait like flowering time that is controlled by a very well described genetic regulatory network, understanding the underlying genetic basis of natural variation in such a quantitative trait is challenging.

scholarly journals GENETIC BASIS OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN OFFSPRING NUMBER AND QUALITY IN THE BANK VOLE

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Esa Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number

The genetic basis of the root economics spectrum in a perennial grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (47) ◽  
pp. e2107541118
Author(s):  
Weile Chen ◽  
Yanqi Wu ◽  
Felix B. Fritschi ◽  
Thomas E. Juenger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Conservative Strategy ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
Absorptive Roots

Construction economics of plant roots exhibit predictable relationships with root growth, death, and nutrient uptake strategies. Plant taxa with inexpensively constructed roots tend to more precisely explore nutrient hotspots than do those with costly constructed roots but at the price of more frequent tissue turnover. This trade-off underlies an acquisitive to conservative continuum in resource investment, described as the “root economics spectrum (RES).” Yet the adaptive role and genetic basis of RES remain largely unclear. Different ecotypes of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) display root features exemplifying the RES, with costly constructed roots in southern lowland and inexpensively constructed roots in northern upland ecotypes. We used an outbred genetic mapping population derived from lowland and upland switchgrass ecotypes to examine the genetic architecture of the RES. We found that absorptive roots (distal first and second orders) were often “deciduous” in winter. The percentage of overwintering absorptive roots was decreased by northern upland alleles compared with southern lowland alleles, suggesting a locally-adapted conservative strategy in warmer and acquisitive strategy in colder regions. Relative turnover of absorptive roots was genetically negatively correlated with their biomass investment per unit root length, suggesting that the key trade-off in framing RES is genetically facilitated. We also detected strong genetic correlations among root morphology, root productivity, and shoot size. Overall, our results reveal the genetic architecture of multiple traits that likely impacts the evolution of RES and plant aboveground–belowground organization. In practice, we provide genetic evidence that increasing switchgrass yield for bioenergy does not directly conflict with enhancing its root-derived carbon sequestration.

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