scholarly journals Arabidopsis RAV 1 transcription factor, phosphorylated by S n RK 2 kinases, regulates the expression of ABI 3 , ABI 4 , and ABI 5 during seed germination and early seedling development

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui‐Zhu Feng ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Cun Wang ◽  
You‐Han Kong ◽  
Wei‐Hua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Biochar effects on germination and radicle extension in temperate tree seedlings under field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Prunus Virginiana ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Early Seedling Development

Pyrolyzed organic matter, or biochar, generally increases the growth of established plants; in some cases, biochar also promotes seed germination in agricultural species, but comparable effects on tree species have received little attention. Potential biochar effects on seed germination and early seedling development were examined in a field experiment involving 14 species of temperate forest trees. Replicated sets of seeds with and without biochar (at 5 t·ha–1) were placed in mesh bags beneath leaf litter near the time of autumnal leaf fall and retrieved the following spring. Pooled analyses show a positive but small average effect of biochar on germination. Effects on seedling radicle extension growth were more pronounced, with more than a doubling in growth observed overall and large increases observed in some species, including both conifers (e.g., Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. and Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton) and angiosperms (Betula papyrifera Marsh., Prunus virginiana L., and Ulmus americana L.). Species varied in responses, but differences were not related to fire or shade tolerance. The results indicate that biochar can substantially enhance early seedling development in temperate trees; likely mechanisms involve “priming” effects resulting from increased pH and potassium availability or sorption of germination-inhibiting phenolics in the litter layer.

scholarly journals O-fucosylation of CPN20 by SPINDLY Derepresses Abscisic Acid Signaling During Seed Germination and Seedling Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Zihao Song ◽  
Yaxin Wu ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Electron Transfer Dissociation ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Early Seedling Development

SPINDLY is involved in some aspects of plant development. However, the nature of this protein as an O-fucosyltransferase was recently discovered. In this study, we show that SPINDLY (SPY) interacts with CPN20 in yeast two-hybrid and split-luc assays, and the interaction is promoted by ABA. CPN20 is a chloroplast-localized co-chaperonin that negatively regulates ABAR-mediated ABA signaling. By using Electron Transfer Dissociation-MS/MS analysis, two O-fucosylation sites, e.g., 116th and 119th threonines, were detected in ectopically expressed CPN20 in mammalian cells and in Arabidopsis. The O-fucosylation at both threonine residues was confirmed by in vitro peptide O-fucosylation assay. We further show that CPN20 accumulates in the chloroplast of spy mutants, suggesting that SPY negatively regulates CPN20 localization in the chloroplast. In vivo protein degradation assay along with CPN20 localization behavior suggest that import of CPN20 into the chloroplast is negatively regulated by SPY. Genetic analysis shows that ABA insensitive phenotypes of spy-3 in terms of seed germination and early seedling development are partially suppressed by the cpn20 mutation, suggesting that CPN20 acts downstream of SPY in this ABA signaling pathway and that there may exist other pathways in parallel with CPN20. Collectively, the above data support the notion that the O-fucosylation of CPN20 by SPY fine-tunes ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.

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