scholarly journals Acute oxygen sensing by the carotid body: a rattlebag of molecular mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 596 (15) ◽  
pp. 2969-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Rakoczy ◽  
Christopher N. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Acute Oxygen Sensing

Mechanisms for acute oxygen sensing in the carotid body

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Peers ◽  
Christopher N. Wyatt ◽  
A. Mark Evans
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Acute Oxygen Sensing

Oxygen sensing by ion channels

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Kemp ◽  
Chris Peers
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Oxygen Sensitive ◽  
Acute Oxygen Sensing

The ability to sense and react to changes in environmental oxygen levels is crucial to the survival of all aerobic life forms. In mammals, specialized tissues have evolved which can sense and rapidly respond to an acute reduction in oxygen and central to this ability in many is dynamic modulation of ion channels by hypoxia. The most widely studied oxygen-sensitive ion channels are potassium channels but oxygen sensing by members of both the calcium and sodium channel families has also been demonstrated. This chapter will focus on mechanisms of physiological oxygen sensing by ion channels, with particular emphasis on potassium channel function, and will highlight some of the consensuses and controversies within the field. Where data are available, this chapter will also make use of information gleaned from heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in an attempt to consolidate what we know currently about the molecular mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by ion channels.

Physiology of the Carotid Body: From Molecules to Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ortega-Sáenz ◽  
José López-Barneo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Glomus Cells ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sensory Fibers ◽  
Acute Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Arterial Chemoreceptor

The carotid body (CB) is an arterial chemoreceptor organ located in the carotid bifurcation and has a well-recognized role in cardiorespiratory regulation. The CB contains neurosecretory sensory cells (glomus cells), which release transmitters in response to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidemia to activate afferent sensory fibers terminating in the respiratory and autonomic brainstem centers. Knowledge of the physiology of the CB has progressed enormously in recent years. Herein we review advances concerning the organization and function of the cellular elements of the CB, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by glomus cells. We introduce the modern view of the CB as a multimodal integrated metabolic sensor and describe the properties of the CB stem cell niche, which support CB growth during acclimatization to chronic hypoxia. Finally, we discuss the increasing medical relevance of CB dysfunction and its potential impact on the mechanisms of disease.

Mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by the carotid body: Lessons from genetically modified animals

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ortega-Sáenz ◽  
Alberto Pascual ◽  
José I. Piruat ◽  
José López-Barneo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Animals ◽  
Acute Oxygen Sensing

The Human Carotid Body

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Jonsson Fagerlund ◽  
Jessica Kåhlin ◽  
Anette Ebberyd ◽  
Gunnar Schulte ◽  
Souren Mkrtchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Radical Neck Dissection ◽  
K Channel ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs

Background Hypoxia is a common cause of adverse events in the postoperative period, where respiratory depression due to residual effects of drugs used in anesthesia is an important underlying factor. General anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents reduce the human ventilatory response to hypoxia. Although the carotid body (CB) is the major oxygen sensor in humans, critical oxygen sensing and signaling pathways have been investigated only in animals so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the expression of key genes and localization of their products involved in the human oxygen sensing and signaling pathways with a focus on receptor systems and ion channels of relevance in anesthesia. Methods Six CBs were removed unilaterally from patients undergoing radical neck dissection. The gene expression and cell-specific protein localization in the CBs were investigated with DNA microarrays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Results We found gene expression of the oxygen-sensing pathway, heme oxygenase 2, and the K channels TASK (TWIK-related acid sensitive K channel)-1 and BK (large-conductance potassium channel). In addition, we show the expression of critical receptor subunits such as γ-aminobutyric acid A (α2, β3, and γ2), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3, α7, and β2), purinoceptors (A2A and P2X2), and the dopamine D2 receptor. Conclusions In unique samples of the human CB, we here demonstrate presence of critical proteins in the oxygen-sensing and signaling cascade. Our findings demonstrate similarities to, but also important differences from, established animal models. In addition, our work establishes an essential platform for studying the interaction between anesthetic drugs and human CB chemoreception.

scholarly journals Guinea Pig Oxygen-Sensing and Carotid Body Functional Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Gonzalez-Obeso ◽  
Inmaculada Docio ◽  
Elena Olea ◽  
Angel Cogolludo ◽  
Ana Obeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Oxygen Sensing

TASK-like potassium channels and oxygen sensing in the carotid body

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Oxygen Sensing
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