Exhaust Particulate Matter Emission Factors and Deterioration Rate for In-Use Motor Vehicles

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ubanwa ◽  
A. Burnette ◽  
S. Kishan ◽  
S. G. Fritz,
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

Recent measurements and modeling of primary exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from both gasoline and diesel-powered motor vehicles suggest that many vehicles produce PM at rates substantially higher than assumed in the current EPA PM emission factor model, known as “PART5.” The discrepancy between actual versus modeled PM emissions is generally attributed to inadequate emissions data and outdated assumptions in the PART5 model. This paper presents a study with the objective of developing an in-house tool (a modified PART5 model) for the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) to use for estimating motor vehicle exhaust PM emissions in Texas. The work included chassis dynamometer emissions testing on several heavy-duty diesel vehicles at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), analysis of the exhaust PM emissions and other regulated pollutants (i.e., HC,CO,NOx), review of related studies and exhaust PM emission data obtained from literature of similar types of light and heavy-duty vehicle tests, a review of the current PART5 model, and analysis of the associated emission deterioration rates. Exhaust PM emissions data obtained from the vehicle testing at SwRI and other similar studies (covering a relatively large number and wide range of vehicles) were merged, and finally, used to modify the PART5 model. The modified model, which was named PART5-TX1, was then used to estimate new exhaust PM emission factors for in-use motor vehicles. Modifications to the model are briefly described, along with emissions test results from the heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles tested at SwRI. Readers interested in a detailed understanding of the techniques used to modify the PART5 model are referred to the final project report to TNRCC (Eastern Research Group 2000).

Composition of Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter in the Denver, Colorado Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 2328-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Cadle ◽  
Patricia A. Mulawa ◽  
Eric C. Hunsanger ◽  
Ken Nelson ◽  
Ronald A. Ragazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter Measurement in the Denver, Colorado, Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Cadle ◽  
Patricia Mulawa ◽  
Eric C. Hunsanger ◽  
Ken Nelson ◽  
Ronald A. Ragazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

scholarly journals Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
William Hicks ◽  
Sean Beevers ◽  
Anja H. Tremper ◽  
Gregor Stewart ◽  
Max Priestman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

This research quantifies current sources of non-exhaust particulate matter traffic emissions in London using simultaneous, highly time-resolved, atmospheric particulate matter mass and chemical composition measurements. The measurement campaign ran at Marylebone Road (roadside) and Honor Oak Park (background) urban monitoring sites over a 12-month period between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020. The measurement data were used to determine the traffic increment (roadside–background) and covered a range of meteorological conditions, seasons, and driving styles, as well as the influence of the COVID-19 “lockdown” on non-exhaust concentrations. Non-exhaust particulate matter (PM)10 concentrations were calculated using chemical tracer scaling factors for brake wear (barium), tyre wear (zinc), and resuspension (silicon) and as average vehicle fleet non-exhaust emission factors, using a CO2 “dilution approach”. The effect of lockdown, which saw a 32% reduction in traffic volume and a 15% increase in average speed on Marylebone Road, resulted in lower PM10 and PM2.5 traffic increments and brake wear concentrations but similar tyre and resuspension concentrations, confirming that factors that determine non-exhaust emissions are complex. Brake wear was found to be the highest average non-exhaust emission source. In addition, results indicate that non-exhaust emission factors were dependent upon speed and road surface wetness conditions. Further statistical analysis incorporating a wider variability in vehicle mix, speeds, and meteorological conditions, as well as advanced source apportionment of the PM measurement data, were undertaken to enhance our understanding of these important vehicle sources.

Fuel Quality Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. J. Den Ouden ◽  
R. H. Clark ◽  
L. T. Cowley ◽  
R. J. Stradling ◽  
W. W. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Parametric Study of 2007 Standard Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Particulate Matter Sampling System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebin Wu ◽  
Nigel Clark ◽  
Daniel Carder ◽  
Gregory J. Thompson ◽  
Mridul Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Performance of Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Pavement in Reduction of Motor Vehicles’ Exhaust Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Zhuoying Jiang ◽  
Xiong (Bill) Yu
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used photocatalyst that can oxidize motor vehicle exhaust, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide, under the irradiation of sunlight. It has been reported that nano-scale TiO2 particles can be effectively used to modify the concrete-asphalt pavement, and make it as a photocatalytic pavement. However, the pure TiO2 additive limits its absorption spectrum to the ultraviolet region, which only occupies a small portion of sunlight irradiance. To increase the utilization of the full spectrum of sunlight, it has been demonstrated that doping TiO2 with substances such as Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), or metal can reduce the band-gap and extend the threshold of the absorption spectrum to the visible light region. Therefore, doped-TiO2 has a better photocatalytic performance under sunlight irradiation. This paper conducted computational simulation of the kinetics of photocatalytic pavement to quantify the efficiency of doped-TiO2 embedded pavement in reducing exhaust gas from motor vehicles. A three-dimensional model is developed on a section of local road with doped-TiO2 embedded pavement. The effects of doped-TiO2 concentration, daylight conditions, and traffic flow conditions on the removal of NOx and CO were studied. The results indicate that the pavement with doped-TiO2 coating is effective to remove CO and NOx under different traffic density and daylight intensity conditions. Compared with UV activated TiO2, visible-light-activated doped-TiO2 features significantly higher removal efficiency of poisonous exhaustive gas including NOx and CO.

Impact of military JP-8 fuel on heavy-duty diesel engine performance and emissions

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fernandes ◽  
J Fuschetto ◽  
Z Filipi ◽  
D Assanis ◽  
H McKee
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Investigating the impact of jet fuel on diesel engine performance and emissions is very important for military vehicles, due to the US Army Single Fuel Forward Policy mandating that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel, due to its lower density and viscosity. On the other hand, a few experimental studies have suggested that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter, compared to diesel fuel #2 (DF-2). However, studies so far have typically focused on quantifying the effects of simply replacing the regular DF-2 with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy-duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance, and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose changes to the engine calibration to mitigate the impact of the trade-offs. Experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched, without smoke or NO x penalty, by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for the lower fuel density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 caused an increased ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, and their cumulative effect led to relatively unchanged combustion phasing. Under almost all conditions, JP-8 led to lower NO x and particulate matter (PM) emissions and shifted the NO x-PM trade-off favourably.

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