GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING GEOHAZARDS AFFECTING THE ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW OIL AND NATURAL GAS PIPELINES

Chapter 2 explores the economic relationship between Russia and China. Both governments have made it a priority to enhance economic linkages, with “One Belt, One Road” possibly being a vehicle for stronger integration. However, rising trade was disrupted in 2015 by slowed growth in China and a serious economic downturn in Russia, and structural features inhibit trade. Energy ties are the most important form of economic exchange between the two countries, with Russia being a major energy exporter and China needing secure, reliable supplies of oil and natural gas. Pipelines now deliver crude oil from Russia to China. Natural gas pipelines have been contracted but not yet built. Russia seems to have become more open to Chinese investments in energy and other fields since 2014, although it remains to be seen whether economic ties will eventually match the depth of the political relationship.

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Influence of random soil strength properties on the earthquake vulnerability of slopes with embedded oil and natural gas pipelines

Energy Systems ◽

10.1007/s12667-020-00394-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikolaos Alamanis

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Gas Pipelines ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Earthquake Vulnerability ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

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The Underwater Project Management in 'Dong Fang' Offshore Oil Engineering

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.508.125 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 508 ◽

pp. 125-128

Author(s):

Jian Fang ◽

Qing Hua Yu ◽

Lu Xu

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Pipelines ◽

Offshore Drilling ◽

Landing Zone ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Diving Depth ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Offshore Oil

CNOOC laid offshore oil and natural gas pipelines for offshore drilling platforms. The engineering included laying the pipelines from offshore drilling platform to landing zone, laying the pipelines between two platforms, and installing vertical pipes for platforms. Aiming at the characteristics in the diving project management, this paper analyzes and evaluates the difficulties and risks of underwater work, puts forward the corresponding safety managements. These measures ensure the underwater operations safely and smoothly. The engineering lasts 195 days, uses 160 diving equipments, and dives 282 person-times. The total diving time is 17900 minutes, and the maximum diving depth is 70 meters.

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Turkey's Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines System

Energy Sources ◽

10.1080/00908310490449108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 963-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mustafa Balat ◽

Nuray Ozdemir

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Pipelines ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

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Federal Pipeline Rate Making: Alternative Approaches of the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Alberta Law Review ◽

10.29173/alr263 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Alex Ross

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Natural Gas ◽

The United States ◽

Service Rate ◽

Gas Pipelines ◽

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Regulatory Commission ◽

Energy Regulatory

This article provides an overview of the alternative rate making methodologies adopted by the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in itsregulation of transportation rates for oil and natural gas pipelines. In 1997, authority over rate making for interstate oil and natural gas pipelines was transferred to the newly created FERC. This article describes the history of interstate pipeline rate making and the transfer of rate making authority to the FERC.The author looks at the innovative pipeline rate making methodologies implemented by the FERC in its regulation of transportation rates for both oil andnatural gas pipelines. The article describes the adoption by FERC of market based rates and a generally applicable indexed rate cap methodology for oil pipelinerate setting. In respect of natural gas pipelines, the legislative requirements and practical realities associated with cost-of-service rate making by FERC aredescribed and FERC’s policies permitting selective discounting, shipper-specific negotiated rates, and market based rates for natural gas pipelines arereviewed.The Commission’s adoption of the alternative rate making methodologies has taken the emphasis off of general rate case litigation as a means of establishingjust and reasonable rates for interstate oil and natural gas pipelines and related facilities. The alternative rate making methodologies also represent a significantdeparture from cost-of-service rate making, with increasing focus on rate flexibility and competition as a means of generating efficiencies for customers of interstate oil and natural gas pipelines.

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